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Society - History - By Topic

Alternate History Travel Guides - Over 25 Travel Guides, one pocket guide, and one Interdimensional Brewpub Tour, four worlds and counting.
An Alternate Timeline, 1502-Present - Did you ever wonder what the world would be like if things hadn't happened the way they did?
CatEcumen's Alternate History - speculation and discussion about the many ways that the English Reformation might have happened differently.
Dale Cozort's Alternate History Page - "I do four things in this section: 1.Point to some good but obscure alternate histories. 2.Give links to a few good alternate history sites. 3.Hype my alternate history stories. 4.Toss out a couple of "alternate history scenarios of the month" for email discussion. "
"The Path Not Taken" - thoughts, scenarios and speculations on variety of time-lines and turning points.
Point Of Divergence - An Alternate-History Amateur Press Association. A forum for discussion of ideas, and a story workshop for Alternate History Writers.
Stephen's Alternate History - Scenarios, articles, books.
Uchronia: The Alternate History List - An annotated bibliography of novels, stories, essays and other material involving the 'what ifs' of history.
Alternative History at Suite 101 - A guide for histories that never were, including articles, original fiction, site reviews, and discussion board.
Alternate Histories - What if the events in all those science fiction movies really did take place? When did they happen? This site will tell you when.
What if JFK Lived? - Speculates about world events if John F. Kennendy was not assassinated.
Surreal History - Includes CSA Today, Balkanized North America and Moslem Australia.
Polish Zioty's Alternate History Page - A fun and interesting way of looking at how history could have been.
Alternative History Directory - Directory of alternative history.
Sideways - An anthology web comic strip that focuses on alternate history/reality. Also provides a showcase for alternate history stories.
A Science Odyssey - Presents the people and the discoveries of 20th century science and technology in a variety of accessible, and interactive Web features. Based on the PBS television series.
Museum of the History of Science, University of Oxford - Library calalog, image library, and numerous virtual exhibits available online.
19th Century Scientific American - Though very different from todays Scientific American Magazine, the articles of the 19th Century Scientific American is a nice read for students of this period.
Internet Modern History Sourcebook: Scientific Revolution
Dibner Institute for History of Science and Technology - Research center at MIT, sponsors Fellows programs.
Ancient Greek Science - Learn about the scientists of Ancient Greece, what they have contributed to science, and information about their background.
Selection Of Web And Other Internet Sources And Addresses - Long list of internet resources in the field of the history of science.
HOPOS - Web site of The History of the Philosophy of Science Working Group.
History of Russian Science - WWW Virtual Guide to the History of Russian and Soviet Science and Technology
Institute and Museum of History of Science - Florence, Italy - The museum and web site are particularly rich resources for the life and work of Galileo.
Virtual Center: Cataloguing, Annotating, and Reviewing Sites on the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine - Lots of thoroughly categorized links to material in the field.
Internet for History and Philosophy of Science - A free "teach yourself" tutorial on Internet information skills for historians and philosophers of science.
Internet History of Science Sourcebook - Links to documents and Web resources pertaining to the history of science including original texts from great scientific thinkers.
Science Heritage Center, Cairo University - History of science in ancient and islamic Egypt.
History of Science Society - Dedicated to fostering interest and scholarly research in the history of science and its social and cultural relations. Site informs about the profession, teaching and research efforts, and society activities.
Profiles in Science - Biographical information and archival collections of several prominent twentieth-century American biomedical scientists.
Sixty Centuries of Copper - A history of copper mining, the development of metal-working processes and the uses of copper through the past six thousand years; originally published in 1965.
ECHO: Exploring and Collecting History Online - Science and Technology - Project for creating digital histories of recent scientists. Includes a large directory of history of science and technology websites.
History of Phrenology on the Web - Phrenology, though now generally discredited, was an important historical precursor of later developments in psychology and neuroscience. This site contains essays on the history of phrenology, a collection of phrenological images, a large bibliography, and digitized books relevant to the history of phrenology and the history of evolutionary thought.
Eric's Treasure Trove of Scientific Biography - Biography for a large number of scientists from Eric's good Treasure Trove project.
Some Early Microscopes from the Optical Institute in Wetzlar - Carl Kellner founded what was named the Optical Institute in Wetzlar Germany in 1849. By 1851 he employed twelve workmen and was producing his first microscopes.
The Scientific Revolution - The year 1543 may be taken as the beginning of the scientific revolution, for it was then that Copernicus published The Revolution of the Heavenly Bodies and Vesalius, On the Structure of the Human Body. Within a century and a half, man's conception of himself and the universe he inhabited was altered, and the scholastic method of reasoning was replace by new scientific methods.
History of Salt - Sodium chloride in history, with many links to further relevant material. From the Salt Institute.
H-Net Child - History of Childhood and Youth
Jesuits and the Sciences: 1540-1995 - An exhibit of rare scientific works from the Cudahy Collection of Jesuitica.
Reviews of History of Science books - Reviews, by Danny Yee, of a range of books on the history of science, mostly popular titles.
Isaac Newton Links - From The Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences.
Catalog of the Scientific Community in the 16th and 17th Centuries - A collection of 631 detailed biographies of scientists. Part of the Galileo project, and compiled by the late Richard S. Westfall. The collection is searchable, but there does not appear to be a contents page.
International Commission on History of Meteorology - Information about the commission and about meetings discussion the history of meteorology.
History of Optics - Timeline of optical discoveries and theories, from Euclid to the laser.
History of Science and Ethics Internet Resources - Links to museums, historical instruments galleries, electronic publications, papers, e-mail groups and books
Robert Grosseteste's Imagination Symbol. Play Grosseteste Roulette! - Lots of links to pages concerned with this important mediæval scientist, although presented in a rather unorthodox manner.
History of the Light Microscope - Overview of microscope styles and history.
Writing On Hands: Memory and Knowledge in Early Modern Europe - An exhibition of scientific illustrations concerning the hand in renaissance anatomy, psychology, mathematics, music, rhetoric, religion, palmistry, and alchemy.
The Antikythera Mechanism - An ancient greek geared mechanism, apparently a device for astronomical calculation.
Horus Publications - There is a lot of useful material for researchers in the History of Science (both beginners and the more experienced) here, but you will have to dig a bit through the site. From Professor Ronald Tobey of the University of California, Riverside.
Bright Sparcs - A biographical, bibliographical and archival database of more than 3,000 Australian scientists with links to related articles and images.
Natural Magick - Giambattista della (John Baptist) Porta (1537?-1615), was a Neapolitan scholar of notable ability who had devoted great attention to the study of natural and physical science. Compendeum of life's work, completed in 1584. 1658 English Translation.
Faith and Reason. - On the historical interactions of science and religion. (From PBS.)
Center for History of Recent Science - Science as it is happening just about now, but studied from a historical prespective.
About Daylight Saving Time - History from Benjamin Franklin to the present. U.S. law and practice. Worldwide time change dates.
From Antiquity to Einstein - Lecture notes from Jose Wudka of the University of California, Riverside.
The Evolution of the Conservation Movement, 1850-1920 - Documents the historical formation and cultural foundations of the movement to conserve and protect America's natural heritage.
Archive for history of science of the Natural History Museum, Vienna - Information about the Archive's collections of Letters (e.g. Goethe, Humboldt) and drawings (e.g Ferdinand Lucas Bauer).
Scientific Societies in the Second Golden Age of Dutch Science, 1850-1914 - From the doctoral dissertation of Ilja Nieuwland.
A Science and Technology Odyssey - A Timeline of the History of Science and Technology from 20,000 BC to 1800.
Epact: Scientific Instruments of Medieval and Renaissance Europe - Epact is an online database of medieval and Renaissance scientific instruments made before 1600 A.D.
Birr Castle Demesne - A science museum in Ireland devoted to the astronomical, engineering botantical and photographical work of the Parsons family.
The Scientific Revolution HomePage - Study Guide, Timelines, Biographies, Glossaries, Diagrams, Flash Movies, Searchable Catalogue of Sci-Rev Community, Bibliographies, Links, Original Research.
Philosophy, Science and Technology in India - History of rational philosophy, scientific method, epistomology and technology in ancient India.
Science Timeline - A chronology from the 7th millenium BC to the present day, with brief explanations of events in the history of Western natural philosophy and sciences.
SJSU Virtual Museum - Biographies from the history of mathematics, science, and technology.
Max Planck Institute for the History of Science - Located in Berlin, Germany. Gives access to publications and preprints, online primary sources, information about the institute, links, etc.
The Galileo Project - An extensive resource on the life, the times, and the work of Galileo Galilei.
Muslims in Science - Biographical sketches of many of the greatest contributors to the development of scientific thought from within the Islamic tradition.
History of Science, Medicine, and Technology at Johns Hopkins University - Undergraduate, Graduate, Doctoral, and combined MD-PhD programs in the History of Science, Medicine, and Technology offered jointly through the School of Arts & Sciences and the School of Medicine.
Women in Science and Medicine - Some brief biographies, and interactive quizzes on female scientists.
History of Evolutionary Thought - A timeline with information on major contributors to biology, geology, and paleontology from Aristotle up to the 20th century. From the UC Berkeley Museum of Paleontology.
Science & Discovery Audio Tapes - Sells lectures on the history of science on audiocassete.
International Union of History and Philosophy of Science - Division of History of Science - Information on the organization, together with a links page and listings of upcoming conferences.
Today in Science History - Memorializes births and deaths of famous and not so famous scientists of the past, and other events in science history. Searchable.
Museum of Microscopy - A virtual museum of microscopes, ranging from the earliest 16th century European instruments to modern microscopes from around the world.
A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom - Complete text of the 1896 classic by Andrew Dickson White.
National Cataloguing Unit for the Archives of Contemporary Scientists - Catalogue of archives of the papers of contemporary British scientists.
The Royal Society - Library - Library of the Royal Society of London, the premier British scientific institution since 1660. The library contains extensive resources for research in the history of science.
Max Planck Society Historical Archives - Mission statement and contact information.
History of Remote Sensing - Gives some hallmarks in the history of remote sensing, which, when tied to human history, have profoundly changed the way we view and understand our world.
Mayan Math - An exposition of Mayan calendar glyphs.
History of Science - Book reviews from The Bactra Review.
Ptolemy's map - A small description of Ptolemy's famous map.
Muslim Scientists, Mathematicians and Astronomers Before European Renaissance, 700-1500 C.E. - Historical review of the Muslim contribution to humanity and Islamic Civilization. Gives biographies of scientists and describes their contributions and influence on European thought and discoveries.
Jordanus - An international catalogue of mediaeval scientific manuscripts.
Mexican Society for the History of Science and Technology - Contact information and conference announcements in English and Spanish.
People of Ideas (Philosophers, Scientists and Theologians) - Brief biographies of many key figures, from ancient Greece to the late 20th century. By Presbyterian minister Miles Hodges.
4000 Years of Women in Science - Women's contributions to Science, from Antiquity to the Nineteenth Century.
Macleay Museum of the History of Science - In Sydney Australia. Many photographs and descriptions of exhibits.
History of the Physical Sciences in India - Essay outlining developments in the study of physics and chemistry in India. Lists some of the early atomic theories, as well as insights gathered in the fields of astronomy, optics, sound, and other branches of physics.
Green Lion Press - A small independant book publisher specializing in history of mathematics and history of science. Includes information on ordering, books available, and how to contact them.
Society for the History of Natural History - International society devoted to the history of botany, zoology and geology, in the broadest sense, including natural history collections, exploration, art and bibliography.
Linus Pauling and the Twentieth Century : Virtual Tour of the Pauling Exhibit - Information on the life and work of one of the 20th century's most important chemists.
Calendars Through the Ages - History and FAQs of various calendars, including Julian, Gregorian, Jewish, Islamic, Chinese, and Mayan. Astronomy, years, months, and days of the week.
'Lost Discoveries': The Non-Western Roots of Science - New York Times review of book by Dick Teresi on the contributions of Babylonians, Egyptians, Arabs, Indians, Chinese, Polynesians and Mesoamericans to the growth and development of the sciences. [Requires free registration.]
Nobel e-Museum - Biographies and Nobel Lectures of the prizewinners, from the Nobel Foundation.
Darwin-L Archives on the Historical Sciences - Archives of messages and supporting materials from Darwin-L, a professional discussion group on the history and theory of the historical sciences.
Resources in the History of Science and Technology - A directory of online and print resources from the University of Alberta library.
History of Science in the United States - Bibliographies of reference and other works, including original sources, and an indexed chronology of American science 1790-1910.
Archive for History of Exact Sciences - Home page with tables of contents from vol.52 (1998). Full text available to subscribers.
British Journal for the History of Science - Editors' page, with recent contents and instructions for authors.
Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences - Home page, with tables of contents from vol.25 (1994). Full text free to print subscribers or pay-per-view.
Isis - Isis is the premier journal in the field. Site gives access to tables of contents and abstracts since Decemer 1995, and online access from the March 2002 issue onwards.
Osiris - Annual publication from the History odf Science Society. Site gives access to tables of contents since 1995, and general editorial information.
Annals of Science - Editorial information. Tables of contents from 1996. Full text available to subscribers for issues from 1999 on.
History of Science Journals - A links page of History of Science Journals, compiled by Sam Alberti for the British Society for the History of Science.
Science History Publications Ltd - Publisher of academic journals in history of science: History of Science; Journal for the History of Astronomy; Archaeoastronomy; Archives of Natural History.
History of Psychology Timeline - Rather an eccentric selection of key events in the history of Psychology and related fields, from c.580 B.C. to 1997, and with something of a Brazilian bias. May be useful for beginners to get themselves oriented in the field.
History of Psychology Links - from Alfred D. Kornfeld of Eastern Connecticut State University.
The Knight Dunlap Page - Information on Knight Dunlap, a significant, but largely forgotten pioneer of American Psychology.
The History of Psychology - from the University of Dayton. Resources on many figures in the history of psychology, and history of psychology trivia.
Milestones in the History of Neuroscience. - A detailed timeline running from 4000 B.C. to 1997, plus a list of useful reference works and links.
The History of Psychology. - By William J. House. Links to an eclectic assortment of online texts from ancient times to the 20th century (Hammurabi's Code of Law to Koffka's Introduction to Gestalt Theory).
William James - Information on and readings from pioneering American psychologist William James.
Cheiron: The International Society for the History of the Social and Behavioral Sciences - Cheiron is mainly concerned with the History of Psychology.
Iconophobia, Knight Dunlap, and the vanishing images of J.B. Watson. - Account of an important episode in the development of the Behaviorist movement in psychology.
Gestalt Archive - Full text Gestalt psychology and Gestalt theory articles online (historical and contemporary articles).
Gestalt Theory Resources Center - Gestalt theory and Gestalt psychology resources - including a Gestalt Theory glossary, brief biographies of the founders of Gestalt Theory, and links.
The Max Wertheimer Page - Life and work of the founder of Gestalt Psychology, with Wertheimer links.
Gestalt Theory: Links to Gestalt Related Sources - From the International Society for Gestalt Theory and its Applications.
European Traces of the History of Psychology - Photos and brief descriptions of sites in Europe associated with distinguished contributors to psychological science.
History & Philosophy of Psychology Web Resources - Useful links page from the Cheiron site.
Canadian Psychological Association, History & Philosophy of Psychology Section - Information about the section.
International Society for the History of the Neurosciences - Dedicated to promoting interest, education and research in the history of the neurosciences.
Squashed Descartes - Condensed edition of Descartes' 'Meditatione', with study notes and glossary
Georg Elias Muller - Information on the life and works of this important pioneer of experimental/physiological psychology.
Freud: A Socratic Statesman - Discusses Plato and Freud's description of the soul (psyche) in terms of an internal conflict for authority over the individual. Elaborates this into an understanding of internal politics.
Classics in the History of Psychology - Many full texts available online.
AmoebaWeb: History of Psychology - A page of links to History of Psychology Content on the Web.
Chronology of Psychology - Milestones in the treatment of the mentally ill, history of psychological treatments and institutions, and notable persons and publications, from the Middle Ages through 1997.
History of Psychology (journal) - Home page of the print journal, with information and tables of contents.
Mind and Body: Rene Descartes to William James - By Robert H. Wozniak, Bryn Mawr College.
William James Discussion Forum - Discussion forum and live chat devoted to William James' works.
Sigmund Freud Forum Frigate - Discussion forum and live chat devoted to Sigmund Freud's life and works.
The History of Psychology - Etext written by a professor in the Psychology Department at Shippensburg University, PA.
The Pre-History of Cognitive Science - An annotated bibliograpy of the models of human cognition of Berkeley, Burton, Hobbes, and Locke. (More thinkers from the seventeenth through nineteenth centuries are promised.)
Neuroscience History Archives - Based at the UCLA Brain Research Institute. Identifies, collects, and preserves primary source material of twentieth century American neuroscience.
Forum for History of Human Science - The Forum for History of Human Science is an interest group within the History of Science Society, which brings together historians of economics, anthropology, psychology, sociology, and medicine.
Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences - Home page of the longest established print journal in the field, with tables of contents back to 1996.
History of Psychiatry Studies - Home page of the print journal.
Classics in Psychology 1855-1914: Historical Essays - Short essays introductory to 48 works central to the history of scientific psychology. Each essay places a given work in its intellectual context, summarizes its basic content, and assesses its general significance.
History of the Human Sciences (journal) - Home page of the print journal, with information and tables of contents back to 1997.
European Society for the History of the Human Sciences - ESHHS brings together individuals interested in the history of psychology, anthropology, sociology, economy, and other human sciences.
American Psychological Association Division 26 (History of Psychology). - Official site of the APA. Includes contact information for committee members, list of fellows, and selected links.
RETICULUM: Neuroscience History Resources - A gateway to Internet resources for history and historians of basic, clinical, and behavioral neuroscience.
The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two - Classic 1956 paper by George A. Miller that helped spark the Cognitive Revolution.
History & Theory of Psychology Q&A Forum. - Bulletin board for posting questions and answers about these topics.
HISTNEUR-L: The History of Neuroscience Internet Forum - Mailing list gateway page.
HTP Prints - The History and Theory of Psychology eprints archive. Gives access to online versions of articles in these areas. Registered users may also deposit appropriate material.
Women in Psychology - Brief biographies and bibliographies of some female psychologists of various races, ages, and sexual orientations.
Memorandum: memory and history in psychology - Brazilian e-journal. In Portuguese and English.
The History of Phrenology on the Web - Although now generally considerd pseudoscience, phrenology, the popular Victorian science of the mind and brain, had an enormous historical impact on the development of psychology and neuroscience.
Important Scientists in the Early Development of Comparative Cognition - Profiles and works of researchers and observers who made important contributions to the field of comparative animal cognition.
American Psychological Association Historical Database - Searchable by date or keyword.
Leonardo da Vinci's Contributions to Neuroscience - Includes anatomical drawings by Leonardo and extracts from his writings in brain function, plus Medieval and Renaissance diagrams of the brain, its ventricles, and their function in cognition.
John B. Watson - Watson instigated the Behaviorist movement in psychology. This site contains biographical information about him and his career in psychology and, later, in advertising.
Mary Whiton Calkins Deserves Her Ph.D. - Mary Whiton Calkins "The Mother of Psychology" attended Harvard at the turn of the 20th century. Help Kalamazoo College students obtain the doctorate that is rightfully hers. Site contains some biographical links.
The Mead Project - As well as being a repository for online versions of material by the influential American social psychologist, George Herbert Mead (1863-1931), this site also archives work related to his, including that of many important early 20th century American psychologists, including J.R. Angell, J.M. Baldwin, J. Dewey, W. James, W.I. Thomas, & E.B. Titchener.
Psychology, Society, and Ability Testing - Eight chapters describing the rise of standardized testing in animal, school, vocational, and military settings.
Pear and his peers: The beginnings of psychology at Manchester. - On the establishment of psychology as an academic discipline in Britain, and the career of T.H. Pear, first professor of psychology at Manchester University. By Alan Costall.
Sharon Bertsch McGrayne - Author of several popular books on science and science history.
Geo Clio: Webserver for the History of Geology and the Geosciences. - Information on research in the history of Geology and Earth Sciences: links, news of upcoming meetings, recent publications, etc.
GSA History of Geology Division - Web site includes organization information, as well as several papers on important geologists and their work.
Out of Print Geology Books for sale - Also including books on paleontology, mineralogy, mining, explorations, early surveys, volcanology, seismology and meteoritics.
Cofrhigeorama - History of Geology geology, mineralogy, petrology and other Earth sciences. In French and English.
The Great Devonian Controversy - A review of the book by Martin Rudwick about this 19th century geological controversy.
Bartleby.com: Sir Charles Lyell - Includes etexts of scientific papers, "The Progress of Geology" and "Uniformity of Change".
An Introductory Guide to Continental Drift - Brief overview of the development of drift theory. Bibliography. Links to relevant sites
Athanasius Kircher Links, with a Geoscience Bias - An annotated and categorized link directory.
HESS: History of the Earth Sciences Society - International society devoted to the history of earth sciences. Site has information about the organization and its journal, Earth Sciences History.
Lord Kelvin and the Age of the Earth - Mathematical details of Lord Kelvin's young earth calculation, from a course in applied fourier analysis.
Adam Sedgwick - Offers a brief biography and a suggested reading list for more information.
Adam Sedgwick (1785-1873) - Biography and description of the work of one of the founders of geology as a science in England.
Adam Sedgwick's Objections to Darwin's Theory - Sedgwick's short biography. His letter to Darwin, and his objections to the theory of evolution, and his opinion about Darwin's real intentions.
Professor Adam Sedgwick by Thomas Woolner - Photo of the marble bust of Sedgwick, 1860, by Thomas Woolner at Trinity College, Cambridge.
Adam Sedgwick Memorial - Photo of the memorial to Adam Sedgwick in the village of Dent in Cumbria. Brief details of the 'Sedgwick Geological Trail'.
Sedgwick Geological Trail - Brief description of the trail around Dent in Cumbria, named after a 19th Century geologist, Adam Sedgwick.
Alfred Wegener: The Quiet Man with the Charming Smile - Short illustrated biography of the geophysicist, meteorologist, climatologist, and polar researcher best remembered for the theory of "continental drift."
On the Shoulders of Giants: Alfred Wegener - Profile of Wegener, his theory of continental drift, and the derision that it once inspired.
The Complete History Of The Discovery Of Cinematography - An Illustrated Chronological History Of The Development Of Motion Pictures Covering2,500 Years Leading To Cinematography In The 1800's
It'll Never Work! - Negative comments about new scientific and technological ideas.
Mark Twain and Technology - An exploration of the technology Twain refers to in his novel, A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court. site was constructed as part of a Summer Institute at Carnegie Mellon University.
Time Warp - Digital archive of 20th century technology.
Vintage Audio, Video and Television site - Pictures, documents, technical information, and links relating to webmaster's professional and pastime interests in early audio, video and television developments.
A World Of Communication - All about the history, status, and future of communications technology.
ThinkQuest - The Evolution of Communication - Traces the development of verbal and non-verbal communication through human history, from prehistoric cave drawings to satellite broadcast.
Greatest Engineering Achievements of the Twentieth Century - Includes timelines and historical essays of the top 20.
Alex den Ouden - Books, articles and consultancy on industrial archaeology and the history of technology, engineering and metallurgy. Text in Dutch and English.
Technology History - Miscellaneous links to technology topics.
Sketches of a History of Statistical Mechanics and Thermodynamics - Hyperjeff - Timeline of the major events of statistical mechanics and thermodynamics. Includes links to biographies and a complete bibliography.
Resources in the History of Science & Technology - Many links
Charles Babbage's First Difference Engine - Contains archival source material and graphics, together with a discussion of the Mathematics of the Engine.
History of Technology (ICE) - Mainly list of links, with some bibliography
Yale Library: History of Science, Technology, and Medicine - Links to many types of resources
A Brief History of Computer Technology - The evolution of digital computing is often divided into generations. Each generation is characterized by dramatic improvements over the previous one. The following history has been organized using these widely recognized generations as mileposts.
Pam Mack's History of Technology Links
Waterpower at Niagara - The history of power development at Niagara Falls. Includes a timeline, a hot-linked schematic of a power house installation, and short biographies of key power pioneers.
Today in Technology History - A single event from this date in the history of technology. Published weekdays, from the Center for the Study of Technology and Society.
History of the IBM Typewriter - Timeline with images of each model
Fifty Years of the Transistor - 1997 was the 50th anniversary of the invention of the transistor. Here is its history written by the lab where it was invented.
Printing: History and Development - Article
Air Force Technology - Timelines through 1970s.
Lumber, Logging and Paper - An illustrated history of logging and sawmills in the US provided by Ed Sanders.
Vacuum History & Technology - Contains biographies of scientists and development of vacuum technologies
Building Big - A companion to the PBS series, the site explores the engineering principles, design challenges, and stories behind some of the most remarkable achievements in the history of building.
A Walk Through Time - An illustrated history of timekeeping from ancient times to the present, by NIST
History of Radio - This paper analyzes early stages of Soviet and US radio broadcasting. It was a different world back then.
ExpoMuseum - An online museum dedicated to world's fair history, architecture, and memorabilia.
World's Fairs and Expositions - Resources on the world's fairs held from 1876 to 1916 focusing on how they shaped American culture by presenting idealized visions of the past and future that often ignored minority viewpoints.
Medieval Technology Pages - Medieval technology and various inventions and developments involving everyday life in the Middle Ages.
Totalizator History - The history of the invention of the world's first automatic totalizator in 1913 and its subsequent development. Mechanical computing on a commercial scale.
The History of Technology - Excerpt from encyclopedia article
South Western Electricity Historical Society - The SWEHS is interested in electricity history and industrial archeology with particular reference to the supply, generation and distribution of electricity in the South Western area of England.
Reinventing the wheel - BBC Education - A journey through the bright ideas of history
The Dead Media Project - Database of notes written and researched by mailing members pertaining to various forms of media and communications devices throughout history.
Greatest Inventions - The Evolution of Man through History - Covers a number of popular inventions through history from the 15th to the 20th century.
H-GIG Technology History links - From the University of California, Riverside.
The Steam Engine Library - Online texts of historical documents relating to the history of the steam engine.
Arithmometers - Mechanical Calculators - Site about mechanical calculators and arithometers, including Arithmometer Simulator!
Technology Chronology - Dates and descriptions of some important events in the history of technology, from prehistory through modern times.
Inventions! Patents at NC State University - Patents developed by faculty at NC State University and selected items from NCSU Libraries? collection of related materials.
Wolfgang von Kempelen's and the subsequent speaking machines - A description of vaious methods of producing synthetic speech experimented with between 1770 and 1970. Includes auditory illustrations.
Echo Science and Technology Virtual Center - Incorporating the WWW Virtual Library for the History of Science, Technology, & Medicine, established in 1994.
History of Refrigeration - Summary with links to related articles.
Henry VIII Stamped Out Industrial Revolution - Article in the Telegraph reporting that archaeologists have found evidence that Cistercian monks in Yorkshire were developing a prototype blast furnace when they were evicted by the king in 1538.
Roman Engineering and Industry - Illustrated article on the engineering enterprise of the Roman engineer. Includes aqueducts, pipes, valves, and pumps.
The Engines of Our Ingenuity - Radio program that tells the story of how our culture is formed by human creativity. Features transcripts for every episode heard since the show's inception in 1988.
Surfing the Aether - A Radio History & Technology Timeline - Chronicle many of the the events, inventions, and notable persons that made radio what it is, and asks if lessons learned from this history can be applied to the Internet today.
History of Science and Technology in Islam - Describes Arabic original inventions and improvements in chemical processes and mechanical engineering
The Aurora Borealis and the Telegraph - Essay on the effect of the northern lights on the operation of the telegraph first noted in 1848.
Events in Telecommunications History - Timeline from the British Telecom Group archives.
Granville T. Woods - Biography of this African-American engineer and inventor, who developed and patented several inventions relating to telegraphy.
Historical Sketch of the Electric Telegraph - Full text of Alexander Jones. 1852 publication.
History of Teletype Development - Brief historical account of the printing telegraph system.
KA2MGE Telegraph Museum - Photographs and data of telegraph apparatus and telegraph company advertising signs.
Knights of the Key. - Old time telegraphers tell their stories. Taken from early editions of Railroad Man's Magazine.
The Railroad Telegrapher - Article by Jim Thompson, a retired San Francisco Railway telegrapher.
The Telegraph Office - Resource for wire and wireless telegraph historians and collectors. Includes histories of the key makers, inventors, and history of the codes.
Western Union Telegraph Company Records - Scope and contents of the collection held at the National Museum of American History Archives Center. Features a history of the company.
The Electric Telegraph in Sweden - Provides a substantive history between the years 1853 to 1996.
The Overland Telegraph - Essay describes the construction of the telegraph connecting Adelaide and the rest of Australia, through Darwin, with England in 1872.
Telegrams - History of the telegram since 1844 transmitted by morse or teleprinter.
The Sparks Telegraph Key Review - An interactive historical and pictorial review of the telegraph and wireless radio. Includes hundreds of pictures of telegraph keys and inventors.
History of the Atlantic Cable & Submarine Telegraphy - Traces the history of undersea telegraphy, from the first cables in 1850 through fiber optics.
Cable at Weston - The Commercial Cable Company, with emphasis on its presence in Weston-super-Mare.
Alfred Nobel - the Man Behind the Prizes - Information from the official Nobel Prize site.
Robert Denk - The inventor of the tubeless radio used an unknown solid-state effect, which was never rediscovered
structurae: Gustave Eiffel - Images, biography, works, references and links.
Pioneers of The Machine Tool Industry - Features biographies of industry pioneers from the Egyptians, Leonardo da Vinci to modern times with entrepreneurs such as Alfred Herbert and Axel Wickman.
Simon Lake and His Submarines - Biography and related links. Includes drawing of the Argonaut and photographs of early submarines.
Simon Lake - Biographical sketch with portraits.
Simon Lake's Explorer Submarine - Notes, images, and related links on the last boat built by the submarine designer and builder.
Simon Lake - Inventor of the modern submarine. Based on the Archives of The Simon Lake Library & Museum.
Thomas A. Edison Papers - A documentary editing project at Rutgers University seeking to publish the inventor's papers online. Includes patents, clipings, and ntoes, as well as bibliographies, chronologies, and links to related resources.
Thomas Alva Edison's Boyhood - Articles about his early life in Port Huron, Michigan and his boyhood home.
Edisonian Museum - Photographs and short descriptions of various light bulbs, lamps, motors, batteries, and other inventions of Thomas Edison.
Thomas A. Edison in Menlo Park - Maps, local references, photographs, and excerpts from a local history book regarding Edison's activities in Menlo Park, New Jersey.
Edison After Forty - A Smithsonian photo-album providing a look into the latter half of the life of inventor Thomas Edison.
Inventing Entertainment - Devoted to the early motion pictures and sound recordings of the Edison Companies; includes overviews by genre and chronology, descriptions of the technology, and selected online audio and video.
The American Experience: Edison's Miracle of LIght - PBS special about the life and inventions; complete program transcription provided as well as film synopsis, timeline, image gallery, and teacher's guide.
Edison, His Life and Inventions, vol. 1 - Complete text of the work by Frank Lewis Dyer and Thomas Commerford Martin, published 1910.
Edison, His Life and Inventions, vol. 2 - Complete text of the work by Frank Lewis Dyer and Thomas Commerford Martin, published 1910.
Thomas Edison - Flash presentation offering an overview the inventor's life and several of his famous inventions. Also provides related links.
Marconi Calling - The life, science and achievements of Guglielmo Marconi
Marconi: Grandfather of Wireless - The history and celebration of the Italian scientist who discovered the radio. From About.com.
Marconi - 1901-2001 Centenary - Details from the Marconi company of the celebrations marking the centenary year of the first transatlantic wireless signal.
Guglielmo Marconi - Lively account of Marconi's life, with a focus on the first wireless message across the Atlantic. From the First Electronic Church of America.
Samuel F. B. Morse Papers at the Library of Congress - Images of highlights from this large collection, family tree, life chronology, and articles about the invention of the telegraph and Morse's efforts in the arts, politics, and photography.
Those Inventive Americans: Samuel F. B. Morse - Curriculum information for teachers, from the Smithsonian Institution.
Morse, Samuel F. B. - Short biography from the National Inventors Hall of Fame.
Berliner, Emile - Biography published by the "Musée des ondes Emile Berliner".
S. Berliner, III's Emile Berliner Page - The story of Emile Berliner, the inventor of the carbon microphone and the disk phonograph, early aviation pioneer, and children's health advocate, and his family.
Berliner, Emil : The Later Years - Biography written by Samuel Kurinsky and published by the Hebrew History Federation. Focus on Berliner's life from about 1881.
Berliner, Emil : The Early Years - Biography written by Samuel Kurinsky and published by the Hebrew History Federation.
Berliner, Emile - Short biography published by the National Inventors Hall of Fame.
James Watt: Dynamic Power for Living - An article for the Deep Cove Crier by the Reverend Ed Hird .
James Watt by Andrew Carnegie - Full text of this eleven chapter biography .
The Invention of the Steam-Engine : Watt's Early Inventions - Article describing his early life, his work and the funding required to turn the invention into a commercial proposition .
James Watt - Online version of biography by Thomas.H.Marshall. First published in 1925.
James Watt and True Steam Power - Essay on his attempt to improve the performance of the Newcomen engine.
James Watt - Biography with photographs, diagrams and animations of his double acting engine .
Reminiscences of James Watt - This article contains the most-quoted account of the moment of Watt's invention of his steam engine. First published in 1859 by the journal of the Glasgow Archaeological Society. Includes photographs of the original publication.
Meucci, Antonio - Biography published by the Italian Historical Society of America.
Antonio Meucci Revisited - An essay by Basilio Catania on the inventor's introduction of inductive loading on telephone lines. Published in Antenna, Newsletter of the Mercurians.
Bell did not invent telephone, US rules - The Guardian story by Rory Carroll, based on a story in the newspaper La Repubblica.
Meucci, Antonio: Questions and Answers - A FAQ about the inventor, including a brief chronological list of his inventions, innovations and discoveries.
Meucci: The Real Inventor of the Telephone - A US Congress resolution declares that Antonio Meucci's work in the invention of the telephone should be acknowledged.
Hearing through Wires:The Physiophony of Antonio Meucci - Article presenting an alternative science view on Meucci's work, written by Gerry Vassilatos for Borderland Sciences.
Meucci, Antonio Santi Giuseppe - Biography and account of meucci's work on the telephone, compiled from several online Meucci biographies.
Meucci, Antonio - Biography published by the Garibaldi-Meucci museum.
Richard Trevithick (1771-1833) - Short biography together with a list of patents, key dates and family history.
Richard Trevithick 1771-1833 - Article discuusing the range and magnitude of his inventive genius . Includes photographs and engravings of his inventions and links to further resources .
Going up Camborne Hill - The building of a replica of Richard Trevithicks 1801 Camborne Road Locomotive . Includes narrative and photographs .
Richard Trevithick 1803 London Steam Carriage. - The original concept and the building of the replica . Narrative, technical specifications and photograph of the replica at the Goodwood Festival of Speed.
Richard Trevithick and the Cornish Boiler - Discussion on the design in 1812 of the then technological advanced steam boiler. Includes a short biography, diagram and photograph .
Richard Trevithick - Narrative with working diagrams of his high-pressure, double-acting steam engines .
Richard Trevithick - Letter written, shortley before his death, to his old friend Davies Gilbert .
The Trevithick Society - Encourages interest in Cornish industrial archaeology through lectures, outings and other meetings and by publishing the results of individual research through its regular and occasional publications.
Guns And Steel - Extract of Sir Joseph Whitworth's 1873 'Guns and Steel.' The text reproduced is from chapter II and concerns the author's involvement in rifle design.
Sir Joseph Whitworth - Facsimile of an article from The Manufacturer and Builder dated 1887. A tribute written shortly after his death .
The Life of Thomas Telford - Full electronic text version of this publication written by Samuel Smiles. From the Gutenberg Project .
Thomas Telford - A substantive biography covering his apprentice days, his training to be a first class mason, becoming a civil engineer, the bridges, aqueducts, roads, canals and harbours that he built. Includes a selection of photographs .
structurae: Thomas Telford - Images, biography, works, and references.
Thomas Telford's Bridges Over the River Severn - Descriptions and photographs of four bridges designed by the engineer.
Sir Henry Bessemer, F.R.S. - Full text of his autobiography complete with illustrations. HTML version .
Bessemer Converter - How it works and a photograph of what is believed to be the only remaining example in England.
Henry Bessemer, Man of Steel - Article by Adam Harte Davis exploring the ingenuity of Bessemer .
Sir Henry Bessemer - English Inventor & Engineer - Short biography with portrait and related links .
Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers - Online collection of his papers from Library of Congress.
Alexander Graham Bell - Substantive biography describes the man, the humanitarian, and the inventor.
More About Bell - Article discusses his early life and his ideas about transmitting speech electrically.
Path to the Telephone - Reconstructs the path taken by Alexander Graham Bell, with links to other inventors and ideas.
Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site of Canada - Communicates the story of Bell's wide-ranging interests and inventive work, much of it undertaken at Baddeck.
E. H. Armstrong - Biography and collection of interesting Armstrong documents and artifacts.
The Tragic Story of Major E.H. Armstrong - Article describes the challenges to his discovery. Written by Edwin Armstrongs niece, Miss Jeanne Hammond.
Armstrong Memorial Research Foundation - About Edwin H. Armstrong, the inventor and pioneer of FM radio. Links to other biographical sites on Armstrong.
Modern Practice of the Electric Telegraph - Full text of Pope's book published in 1871.
Frank Pope - Substantive biography of this 19th century telegraph and electrical engineer. One time business partner of Thomas Edison.
George Westinghouse - Short biography and little known facts.
The Westinghouse World - Illustrated article on the companies, the people, and the places.
George Westinghouse - Article describes the development of the compressed-air brake system.
George Westinghouse - Brief biography and outline of his technical achievements, from the current day Westinghouse Electric Company LLC.
John Holland - Biography and his submarines. Includes data and illustrations on individual boats, specifications, articles, related people, and detailed patent data.
John Holland: Irish-American Submarine Inventor - Story of an Irish teacher funded by Fenians who develops the U.S. Navy's first modern submarine and becomes known as the Father of the U.S. Submarine Service.
The William Murdoch Archive - A selection of profiles and a chronology of his inventions, life and times .
William Murdock - Biography with portrait and related links . From Spartacus Educational .
William Murdock - Biographical timeline .
Conserving the Timothy Hackworth locomotive Braddyll - Photograph and description of the conservation work on the locomotive made by Hackworth at his Soho Foundry, Shildon ca. 1840 .
Timothy Hackworth Railway Museum - Home of one of the founders of railways in the United Kingdom. Features his life and times .
The Timothy Hackworth Story - Short biography, portrait and links to related books .
History of Science and Technology Bibliography - Subscription online database
History of Technology Bookshelf - Books rated by readers, with links to Amazon reviews.
History of Technology Booklist - 75 titles linked to Amazon.com's pages for those books.
Subject Searches of UCSD Library - Links to library catalog entries sorted by subtopics within history of technology
Georgia Tech School of History, Technology, and Society - school offers doctoral, masters, undergraduate, and certificate programs in History of Technology.
ICOHTEC: International Committee for the History of Technology
Society for the History of Technology - Encouraging study of the history of technological devices and processes, as well as the relations of technology to science, politics, social change, the arts and humanities, and economics.
The Newcomen Society - The world's oldest learned society devoted to the history of engineering and technology.
De Archeologishe Pers - Publishes books on industrial archaeology, historical metallurgy and technology. Dutch and English publications.
History and Technology - Academic journal.
IEE Books - History of Technology Series
Synchronopedia - Sells time line wall chart chronicling inventions and discoveries from 1000 BC to the present.
Technology and Culture - Journal on the history of technology
Pictures of Health - Health and public health issues in the 19th century, with sections on "Health of the Body Politic", "Fever", "War's Cruel Scythe", "Quacks and Quackery", and "Populate or Perish".
History of Biomedicine: Indigenous Cultures - Numerous links to web pages on the contributions of indigenous cultures to the practice of medicine, from pre-history to present.
The History of Dentistry - The story how dentistry developed through the ages to become the sophisticated medical science of today.
Here Today, Here Tomorrow: Varieties of Medical Ephemera Home Page - An online exhibit of medical advertising, labels and other printed materials.
Aztec Medicine - An essay on how the rigid Aztec culture affected physical and mental health.
US 19th-Century Doctors' Thoughts about Native American Medicine. - Excerpts from comments made by white doctors on the nature of medical practice among Native Americans.
Medical Antiques - A collection of early medical items featuring cased surgical, medical, and dental instruments from the 1800's to the early 1900's. Included in the collection are various microscopes and medical items of interest.
150 Years of Anesthesia 1846-1996 - "We Have Conquered Pain: A Celebration of Ether," presented by Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard University.
A Visit to the Museum of Contraception - Salon Magazine reviews a Toronto museum dedicated to the history of the prevention of pregnancy.
A Short History of Medical Careers - From prehistoric shamanism to the 20th Century specialist.
Dying to Have a Baby - The History of Childbirth - Chronicles the dangers that women and their newborns have faced during labor and delivery.
Every Man His Own Doctor - An online exhibit on Popular Medicine in Early America, from Colonial times to the mid 19th Century.
Medical Milestones - Indiainfoline presents med milestones giving the major breakthroughs in medical science that took place during the 20th Century.
Centre for the History of Medicine - Established at the University of Birmingham in 2000 to bring together and promote teaching and inter-disciplinary research in the history of medicine and help develop the Medical School's rapidly growing reputation in the field.
Dittrick Medical History Center and Museum - Information on medical artifacts, reference materials, rare books, archives, photographic collections.
National Library of Medicine: History of Medicine Division - Extensive collection of material. Open to the public.
Oliva Sabuco, a 16th Century Woman-Philosopher - A pioneer of psychosomatic medicine.
The Museum of Questionable Medical Devices - Dubbed "The Quackery Hall of Fame," the museum is the world's largest display of what the human mind has devised to cure itself without the benefit of either scientific method or common sense.
INHOEP - The International Network for the History of Occupational and Environmental Prevention, who deal with occupational health and the history of medicine.
Ancient Medicine/Medicina Antiqua - Chronicles the practice of Medicine in the Greek and Roman eras, with translations of works by Hippocrates and Galen as well as essays, bibliographies, mailing lists, and othe resources.
Hartford Medical Society - The Society provides an excellent medical library of historical significance and sponsors the Menczer Museum of Medicine and Dentistry in conjunction with the Hartford Dental Society.
The Medicine Museum - An online exhibit of information and photographs of antique allopathic medicines manufactured during 1915-1955.
History of Anaesthesia - GASMAN - A Personal History of Anaesthesia; A memoir and commentary by English anaesthetist John Powell. It also includes other articles on the History of Anaesthesia.
The Orlop Deck - Naval Medicine in the 18th and 19th century. Links to re-enactment sources and medical information for the period.
UHR Books - Old & Rare Medical & Nursing Books - Antiquarian booksellers specializing in the history of medicine, surgery, nursing, public health, epidemiology, sanitation, infectious diseases, microbiology, parasitology and virology.
Sir Henry Wellcome and the Sudan - Archival material and images related to the projects of Sir Henry Wellcome in the Sudan , including an excavation camp and establishment of the Wellcome Tropical research Laboratories in Khartoum.
Sigerist Circle Home Page - Organization of medical historians, focusing on issues of class, race, and gender.
The Reflex Hammer Home Page - Everything you ever wanted to know about reflex hammers, and then some.
Bulletin of the History of Medicine - Official publication of the American Association for the History of Medicine.
The Alan Mason Chesney Medical Archives of The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions - Introduces the holdings of the archives and opportunities for research. Includes guides to over 100 personal paper collections, photograph inventory, and online exhibits.
American Association of the History of Medicine - An academic society devoted to the history of medicine and health in all of its aspects.
H-GIG Medicine and Public Health links. - Useful links from the University of California, Riverside.
Who named it? - A biographical dictionary of medical eponyms, i.e. medical conditions and techniques and the people for whom they are named.
Historical Medical Digital Library of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia - Title pages, contents pages, indexes, illustrations, and extracts from the text of many books availabale online.
The Long View from the Watonwan River: The Millenarian Odyssey of Pioneer Druggist Henry Wellcome - Biography of the co-founder of Burroughs Wellcome, who spent his boyhood on the Minnesota frontier. With footnotes and many links.
Ambrose Pare - Journeys in Diverse Places - Writings of the 16th Century French battlefield surgeon Ambroise Paré. Recounts experiences from various battles over a thirty year period including medical procedures in the field. Citation: Paré, Ambroise. Journeys in Diverse Places, translated by Stephen Paget. Vol. XXXVIII, Part 2. The Harvard Classics. New York: P.F. Collier & Son, 190914; Bartleby.com, 2001. www.bartleby.com/38/2/.
Joseph Lister - English surgeon credied with the introduction of antisepsis. Brief biography and extract from his writings.
Dr. Samuel Overton, 19th Century Rural Physician - Comprehensive study of the life and work of a rural East Texas physician in the last half of the nineteenth century. Based on over 12,500 entries transcribed from his journals.
History of the Royal College of General Practitioners - Shows establishment of general practice as a speciality and academic discipline in Britain. Includes background history of general practice, foundation of the College, history of the College and its building and detailed chronology by subject.
MMS - materia medica sinica - Online journal for the history of Chinese medicine.
David Grove - Dr. Grove is the author of "A Human History of Helminthology", "Strongyloidiasis: a major roundworm infection of man" and "Alternative Medicine: fact or fiction?".
Spanish American War Medicine - Medical practice in the Spanish American War, primarily by US Army medical staff and DAR Volunteer nurses upon US soldiers.
Wellcome Library for the History of Medicine - The website of the Wellcome Library - one of the great libraries for the history of medicine. The Library, based in London, is open to visitors. This website provides access to catalogues and other resources
MedHist - the gateway to Internet resources for the History of Medicine - MedHist is a gateway to evaluated, quality Internet resources relating to the history of medicine and allied sciences, covering all aspects of the history of health and development of medical knowledge. MedHist is aimed principally at students and staff working within the further and higher education sectors, and also at anyone with a general interest in the subject area. MedHist is affiliated to the BIOME life sciences hub and the Resource Discovery Network (RDN), but is developed and managed by the Wellcome Library for the History and Understanding of Medicine at the Wellcome Trust. As of 18th October 2002 the gateway describes 522 records
The origins of Chinese medicine - the early development of medical literature in China - A short account of the origins of Chinese medical texts. Written by Imre Galambos (1996)
A Bibliography of Greek and Roman Medicine - Bibliography compiled by Robert Arnott of University of Birmingham. Useful, but few links to full text. Last updated February 2002
Social History of Medicine - Long running journal of the Society for the Social History of Medicine. Abstracts available free.
Images from the History of Medicine - Provides access to the nearly 60,000 images in the prints and photograph collection of the History of Medicine Division (HMD) of the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). The collection includes portraits, pictures of institutions, caricatures, genre scenes, and graphic art in a variety of media, illustrating the social and historical aspects of medicine.
Wellcome Unit for the History of Medicine - The University of Oxford has been one of the major centres for the History of Medicine in Britain over the last thirty years. The subject has attracted scholars and students from a wide range of disciplines and backgrounds. Within the University, a key role has been played by the Wellcome Unit for the History of Medicine, founded in 1972 and principally funded by the Wellcome Trust.
Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences
Mary Seacole - History of Nursing
Global Project on the History of Leprosy - The International Leprosy Association is developing a database of leprosy archives around the world.
Mad in America - A history of medical treatments for mental illness, schizophrenia, and other psychiatric disorders, and why those treatments led to the antipsychiatry movement.
Dietetic fragments of Rufus of Ephesos in Syriac language - This site contains an edition of dietetic fragments of Rufus of Ephesos in Syriac language, together with German translation and commentary. PDF (1,3 MB)
ECG timeline - History of the electrocardiogram - 12-lead ECG library, A brief history of electrocardiography from 1600 onwards. Find out how electrocuting chickens (1775), getting laboratory assistants to put their hands in buckets of saline (1887), taking the ECG of a horse and following it to the slaughterhouse (1909), induction of indiscriminate angina attacks (1931), and hypothermic dogs (1953) have helped to improve our understanding of the ECG as a clinical tool. And why is the ECG labelled PQRST (1895)?
Institute for History of Medicine, Robert Bosch Foundation, Stuttgart - The Institutes archives house the private papers of Samuel Hahnemann (1755-1843), of his second wife Mrs. Mélanie dHervilly (1800-1878), and of important students and successors.
Arabesco - Arab and Muslim heritage and their contributions to science and knowledge. In the fields of medicine, pharmacy, zoology, botany, mathematics, applied science, chemistry, geography, engineering, architecture, art, literature, education, libraries, and the influence of Muslim scientist and scholars on the world specially on the west.
Flash-Med:Medicine history and trivia - Medical education resource with facts and trivia about the history of medicine in a question and answer format.
Mikroskop Museum - The history of microscopes from the beginning. (GERMAN LANGUAGE)
Classical Islamic Biomedicine - Index website maintained by the Karolinska Institute.
Hilary Koprowski, M.D. - This site is dedicated to the career and work of Dr Hilary Koprowski in the field of microbiology, including his pioneering work on live polio vaccines.
College of Physicians of Philadelphia History of Medicine Library, Programs, and Fellowships - Access to one of Americas premier research collections in the history of medicine. Information about programs and fellowships organized by the Wood Institute for the History of Medicine.
The James Lind Library - At the core of the James Lind Library are pages illustrating the evolution of fair tests of medical treatments. These pages contain examples from nearly a hundred books and journal articles, illustrated by images of the key passages of text. New records are being added continuously, as well as biographical material, portraits, translations, commentaries, and other relevant material.
R.A. Fisher - collected papers - Ronald Almyer Fisher was the most important figure in 20th century medical statistics. This is a growing collection of his papers and publications.
The Scottish Society of the History of Medicine - Website of the Scottish Society of the HIstory of Medicine
Centre for the History of Science, Technology and Medicine at the University of Manchester - The Centre for History of Science, Technology and Medicine at Manchester University is one of the largest of its kind in the UK. It offers MA, MSc, PhD and intercalated BSc programmes, a wide variety of course options in the history of science, technology and medicine as well as excellent resources for research in these fields.
PolioHistory - Yahoo Group - A place to share stories and resources about the history of polio; from the epidemics, to the vaccines, to post polio syndrome, to eradication.
History of the Health Sciences Web Resources - List of links maintained by Patricia Gallagher and Stephen Greenburg for the History of the Health Sciences Section of MLA
Oxford Brookes University: Medical Video Archive - The Medical Sciences Video Archive of the Royal College of Physicians and Oxford Brookes University is a notable collection of videotaped biographical interviews with over 130 important figures in clinical medicine and science from the United Kingdom and Australia.
Public Record Office Hospital Records Database - This database provides information on the existence and location of the records of hospitals in the U.K. Currently over 2,800 entries can be found by searching the database using the following simple enquiry screen.
Lothian Health Services Archive - The Lothian Health Services Archive is a repository for institutional administrative and clinical records, private papers, photographs and objects relating to the past and present of Lothian health. This website aims to act as a gateway into the Archive, giving information on collections, history, and special ongoing projects and services, as well as details about how to contact and visit us.
A political history of the NHS - sample of full text (PDF) - This is a 64 page sample from the new edition of National Health Service - A Political History, Charles Webster, Senior Research Fellow, All Souls College, Oxford
Special collections and archives in the USA - Selected Special Collections and Archives in the History of Medicine
International Network for the History of Hospitals - The Network exists to promote studies related to the historical evolution of hospitals from their beginnings to the present day by providing an international forum for communication and discussion among scholars interested in the subject. Particular encouragement is given to newcomers to the field.
Medicine and Madison Avenue - This website explores the complex relationships between modern medicine and modern advertising, or "Madison Avenue," as the latter is colloquially termed. The Medicine and Madison Avenue Project presents images and database information for approximately 600 health-related advertisements printed in newspapers and magazines.
Medieval medicione - bibliography - useful but not exhaustive
The Ascelpion - Devoted to the study of ancient medicine. Designed to be an internet source that presents the study of ancient medicine in a manner that is both accessible and useful to the general public and to students enrolled in the history course Ancient Medicine (History C380/580), taught by Professor Nancy Demand at Indiana University Bloomington.
Medical Heritage of Great Britain - Concerns the 'industrial archaeology' of medicine. Produced by the Bath & Wessex Medical History Group.
History of Biomedicine - categorised links, maintained by the Karolinska Institute
Bibliography of Secondary Works in the History of Medicine & Related Health Fields - This is a non-critical electronic bibliography to acquaint the user with monographs and classic works in the field of American history of medicine and related topics. The remarks following the listing of some titles are quotes from the book not critical comment. Users of this bibliography are referred to such review media as, Bulletin for the History of Medicine and Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences for critical analysis of the books contained in this list.
Edward Jenner Collection at Bartleby.com - Brief overview of the life and work of Edward Jenner at Bartleby.com. Links to full text of An Inquiry Into the Causes and Effects of the Variolæ Vaccinæ, Or Cow-Pox. 1798; Further Observations on the Variolæ Vaccinæ, or Cowpox. 1799; and A Continuation of Facts and Observations Relative to the Variolæ Vaccinæ, or Cowpox. 1800
Samuel Thomson - the botanic family physician - Facsimilie of 1835 edition of Botanic Family Physician (large PDF)
Directory of History of Medicine Collections (NLM) - The collections described in this Directory provide research, reference, and interlibrary loan services to scholars interested in the history of the health sciences, including medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine, nursing, and pharmacy.
Elizabeth Blackwell - That girl there is doctor of medicine - This is an online version of an exhibit held at the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md., Jan. 23-Sept. 4, 1999
John Snow - a historical giant in epidemiology - Life and times of a nineteenth century British physician, prominent in both epidemiology and anesthesiology.
Plague and Public Health in Renaissance Europe - Hypertext archive of narratives, medical consilia, governmental records, religious and spiritual writings and images documenting the arrival, impact and response to the problem of epidemic disease in Western Europe between 1348 and 1530
Health Service Development and History - Current developments in the British NHS, follow up to Geoffrey Rivett's Book, From Cradle to Grave
London's Hospital System, - How London's hospitals were formed and came to provide services to London. eBook of Geoffrey Rivett's history published by Kings Fund in 1986
London's Museums of Health & Medicine - London's Museums of Health and Medicine provides information on various medical, clinical and pharmaceutical topics.
Thackray Museum, Leeds - Award winning museum, based in Leeds England. With the aid of a £3 million grant from the Heritage Lottery Fund, the museum has been established in a former ating from the late 19th century to the present day. The collection also includes a unique collection of English pharmacy ceramics. The library has over 8,000 books, including the largest collection of medical trade literature in the world.
Internet Resources on The Tuskegee Study - Internet Resources on the Tuskeegee Study
Syphilis and AIDS: Lessons from history - Transcripts of a two-part radio program from 1996 that placed the responses to AIDS, from both socio-cultural and medical standpoints, in historical perspective. Includes various links.
International Society for the History of Medicine - The International Society for the History of Medicine (ISHM) was founded in Paris in 1921. The purpose of the Society is to assist and support the historical study of all questions relating to the medical and biomedical sciences and, more generally, to all branches of the healing arts.
Anesthesia History - Index to history of anaestheia resources on the Web
Anesthesia History Association - Website of the Anesthesia History Association
A History of Cardiology - University of Iowa online exhibition from 1990. Traces the interwoven history of medical knowledge and technological advance from Galen's early description of the circulatory system to modern breakthroughs in prevention, diagnosis and treatment
Selected letters of Florence Nightingale
Antique medical instruments - A medical antiques resource site for the historian, collector, & seller of medical, surgical, dental, and Civil War antique medical artifacts.
The Rise of Scientific Medicine - Course notes and presentations from University of Stanford course which explores the historical development of cultural beliefs and institutions in Western Europe and the United States during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries which led to the establishment of the modern system of medicine.
The Birth of the Clinic - Hypertext lecture notes on Foucault's account of the development of modern medicine
The Birth of the Clinic - Lois Shawver's notes on Foucault's Birth of the Clinic
Kircher, Athanasius - Links to web-resources concerned with this important Renaissance Jesuit natural philosopher. By Mats Rendel.
Ancient Greek Scientists - The life and work of individual scientists, engineers, and inventors categorized by discipline.
HEL - History of the English Language. Also has a mailing list.
Images from History - Art and archaeological images to illustrate world history
Legends - Exploring Legends in History, Folklore, Literature, Fiction, and the Arts.
The Spirit of Gardening - The history of gardening.
Electromusications - Gateway to the Transdiffusion Broadcasting System sites and affiliated sites. The history and development of British television presentation (including graphic design, jingles).
Weaving: Art and Lore - Examines cross-cultural weaving, cosmic webs, spinning, spindles, fabrics, and ethnic costume; it also explores Grandmother Spider Woman, Rumpelstiltskin, Sleeping Beauty, and other myths and fairytales on weaving from around the world.
English Through the Ages - A quick tour of the changes in the English language. Particularly once the Normans conquered England, thereby making English the language of the lower classes. A lot of the structure, spelling, and pronunciation that was left from Old English was lost during this period.
The Idyllists - A site dedicated to the Group of British Victorian artists known as the Idydllists. The group includes: Fred Walker, John North, George Pinwell, Robert Macbeth and others.
Hakluyt Society - Promoting public knowledge of records on the history of exploration, navigation, maritime history and travels.
Maritime Heritage Project - Passengers, ships, and captains arriving in San Francisco in the 19th century, plus news and tall tales of the Barbary Coast.
The Texas Navies - Historical information and pictures of the three Texas Navies - the first two fighting in Texas' war with Mexico, the third being a modern association.
Internet Naval History - Comprehensive guide to twentieth century naval history by a published naval author. Includes a guide to finding information on ex-naval relatives and the warships they served on.
The Naval Order of the United States - The history and heritage society of the United States sea services.
English East India Company Ships - Details of English East India Company ships 1600-1834, including those captured, lost and wrecked. Also has details of seafarers in the English East India Company.
Maritime History Database - Aim is to identify and gather in one location many different sites providing resources for further maritime research.
The Battle of the Saintes - The 1782 naval battle which revolutionised naval tactics and changed Caribbean history for 200 years.
San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park - A fleet of historic vessels at Hyde Street Pier, a maritime museum, and library. Boatbuilding and woodworking workshops.
Eighteenth Century Shipbuilding - British merchant shipbuilders (as opposed to the Royal Dockyards) in the heyday of wooden ships and ship building 1700-1850.
BIship - All subjects connected with the shipping company British India Steam Navigation.
Through Mighty Seas - Sailing ships and schooners of the North West of England, particularly Furness, Lancaster and the Isle of Man.
Australia's Maritime World - Australia's maritime history and current attractions, activities and adventures for sea, ship and shore lovers.
Jolly Roger - Origin of the Jolly Roger pirate flag.
Robert Napier - The "Father of Clyde Shipbuilding".
The Mariners' Museum - Age of Exploration - On-line curriculum guide. Maritime discovery from ancient times to Captain Cook's 1768 voyage to the South Pacific.
The Maritime History Virtual Archives - A compendium of naval history, seamanship, ships, duties of officers and men.
Latitude - The art and science of fifteenth century navigation.
NOVA: Longitude - NOVA Online presents the search for longitude.
The American Neptune - A quarterly journal of maritime history and arts.
Farewell to the China Boats - Reports of a three week voyage in lifeboats in World War II and photographs of cargo liners, especially Blue Funnel, and life at sea in the sixties.
Maritime History On The Internet - A guide to researching maritime history on the internet.
Maritime History and Naval Heritage Index - A collection of articles covering all aspects of maritime history.
Maritime History Citations for the Oxford English Dictionary - Historical nautical terminology.
Schooner Man - A site for lovers of all tall ships.
The Voyage of 'de Liefde' - Researching the beginning of trade between Japan and the Netherlands.
Haze Gray & Underway - Extensive naval history and photography site.
World Ship Trust - International organization dedicated to preservation of historic ships, merchant and military.
Aircraft carriers of WW2 - All aircraft carriers in WW2.
Traditional Boats and Tall Ships Magazine - A bi-monthly magazine for lovers of sail. Includes selected magazine articles, reviews, discussion forum, photo gallery, and related links.
Traditional Navigation in the Western Pacific - Traditional navigation by Pacific islanders involves no compasses or charts.
USN Ship Naming - Ship naming in the united states navy.
Ship Force Levels - U.S. Navy active ship force levels, 1917-1998.
The Kentish Knock Company - Forum on military and naval history, especially the Anglo-Dutch Wars and history of warship design.
Ship Names - An alphabetical list of US Navy ships.
Steamship Historical Society of America Collection - One of the largest libraries in the North America devoted to the history of engine powered vessels.
Chicamacomico U.S. Lifesaving Station - The history of the Chicamacomico Lifesaving Station and the U.S. Life Saving Service along the Outer Banks of North Carolina.
Fishing? - It was "A WAY OF LIFE" and Lost at Sea - Names of fishermen and mariners lost at sea from Atlantic Canada, US East Coast and other countries. Reminiscences, photographs, newspaper articles about fishing from 1830s to present.
An Unofficial History of the Royal Navy - Dedicated to the men and women of the Royal Navy. Information available on the RND, Q-Ships, Naval Events, Naval Personnel, Ships Badges and a growing Naval Photographic section.
King Island Maritime Heritage Trail - A virtual tour via clickable map of shipwrecks, lighthouses, ports and related sites around this island between Australia and Tasmania.
Nafpaktos.com: The Naval Battle of Lepanto - Gives an account of the Oct-7, 1571 battle between the Ottoman and a united Christian fleets, along with scans of period maps and illustrations.
Canadian Marine Transportation - Canadian Marine Transportation is dedicated to Canada's marine industry and nuatical heritage. Updated daily with relevant news and information.
gone2sea - About people in the past who went to sea for a living. Information on the English East India Company and the Divers Index.
Blue Funnel Line - Sail into the past and visit my Blue Funnel Line pages. From Astyanax and Automedon to Gastor and Nestor.
Seapower, 1652-1860 - A naval history of the age of the sail.
Ben Line - Unofficial tribute to the old British merchant navy company, its ships, and those that sailed on them. Photograhs of the ships, crew details and pictures, and related links.
International Journal of Naval History - A forum of naval history designed to stimulate naval historical research and to foster communication among naval historians. Current and archived issues, editorial board listings, letters, and submission guidelines.
Dutch East India Company - History of the VOC, with original archive documents, a virtual museum, background information and links. Content in English and in Dutch.
The Development of Square-rigged Ship - Describes the development of sail from the carrack to the full-rigger in illustrated articles; includes related links and a study guide.
SS Catalina - Seeking to ensure the future security of the "Great White Steamer."
SS Great Britain - The complete website for the history and restoration of the SS Great Britain held at Bristol Dock in England, updated regularly with progress reports on the restoration project.
Dunbrody & The Spirit of Ireland - The reconstruction of a three masted barque.
Endeavour - Information and news on the replica of Captain James Cook's famous ship, as she is circumnavigates the globe.
SS City of Milwaukee - A 350 foot triple expansion steamer built in 1931. Official site of the Society for the Preservation of the S.S. City of Milwaukee.
HMCS/CCGS Labrador - "Forgotten Fifty" An online history of the storied Canadian Wind-Class icebreaker.
Floating Dry Dock - Photos, drawings, plans and model kits of US warships past and present. Order products online.
Tall Ship Lady Washington - Replica of a 18th century 90 ton brig. Homeport is Aberdeen, Washington. The State of Washington's goodwill embassador.
Matthew Site Home Page - A reconstruction of John Cabot's famous ship and its journey to Newfoundland 500 years ago. Visit Matthew Online. Includes as shop, a gallery, history and information.
SS Milwaukee Clipper - A 1905 ferry which travelled the Wisconsin - Michigan route
SS America - Passenger recollections and images.
The Birkenhead Historic Warships - Information about the many ships berthed in the East Float docks at Birkenhead UK.
RV Polarstern - This 17,300 ton polar icebreaker is operated by the Alfred Wegener Institute, Germany's leading institute for polar and marine research.
The T.S.S. Nea Hellas - This site gives a narrative and photo history of a passenger ship that had three incarnations.The first as the T.S.S. Tuscania (1922-1939); the second as the T.S.S. Nea Hellas (1939-1955); and the third as the T.S.S. New York (1955-1961)
Flagship Portsmouth Museum - Home of three historic British warships: Henry VII's doomed flagship Mary Rose, Nelson's flagship HMS Victory, and the world's first iron battleship, HMS Warrior. Site also provides additional information about the Royal Naval Museum and Action Stations.
HMS Detroit - constructing a full size replica of the HMS Detroit which led Commodore Robert Hariot Barclay's Fleet in the Battle of Lake Erie.
Cutty Sark - Fastest and greatest of the old Tea Clippers - at Greenwich. A living testimony to the bygone, glorious days of sail.
L'Invincible - History of this 18th century British warship from construction to capture, rediscovery, excavation and conservation.
USS Harvest Moon - Historical information on the ship including specifications, personnel, logs, photos and paintings. Also home to the Harvest Moon Historical Society.
The Carferries of Ludington - History and photos of the Pere Marquette/C&O carferry fleets as well as the Ann Arbor and Grand Trunk.
Fishing Boat Photographs - Catalogue of fishing boat photographs.
Ships of the last millenium - Evolution of shipbuilding including Egypt, Phoenicia, Greece, the Middle Ages, and the 20th century.
S.S. Australis - The history of the Australis; including a picture gallery, Captain and crew section and the story of Chandris lines.
HMS Bounty Preservation Society - History of HMS Bounty (today's ship and the original), her crew, romances aboard the ship and the mandate of the Society for Bounty's Future.
Maritime History Course - Two week maritime history course taught at sea aboard the Tall Ship Rose, a coast guard certified replica of an 18th century Royal Navy Frigate.
Central America - Documentary based on letters from passengers on the final voyage of the doomed gold liner (1857).
Foxtrot U-480 - Background information and virtual visit to this Soviet submarine built in 1960 and now on show in Zeebrugge, Belgium.
Mary Celeste - A brief description of the mysterious events surrounding the sailing ship, "Mary Celeste" and links to related sites for further investigation.
HMS Nelson - A son's tribute to the battleship HMS Nelson, and to his father, Albert Knight who served on board. Includes photos, memorabilia and information on the ship.
MV Kalakala - Puget Sound ferry launched in 1935. Designed and built in the art deco "streamlined" style. An organization rescued the vessel which was being used as a cannery in Kodiak, Alaska.
US Brig Niagara - Replica of Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry's flagship. Describes the activity on and around the US Brig Niagara and its homeport, the Erie Maritime Museum in Erie, Pennsylvania.
USS Glacier Preservation Society - Website for the preservation of the decommissioned and mothballed icebreaker Glacier. This ship is perhaps the most famous of all US polar icebreakers.
USCGC Westwind - Interactive history and image archive of the now decommissioned US Coast Guard icebreaker Westwind maintained by former breaker sailors.
Steamer Columbia Foundation
USS Glacier Association - Website of interest for former crew of the USS Glacier (AGB-4).
Tall Ship La France - When construction is finished, this ship will be the largest of the worlds operating tall ships. A replica of a 1911 five-masted barque. Plans are to use the ship as a sail training ship and goodwill ambassador.
The HMS Cavalier Association - A site dedicated to the preservation of the ship HMS Cavalier.
The Belle - La Salle's last ship was found in 1995 in Matagorda Bay.
The Loss of the Fantome - A description of the events surrounding the loss of the sailing vessel, Fantome, during Hurricane Mitch,in October 1998.
Star of the West - The side-wheel merchant steamer running between New York and New Orleans.
SS Canberra - The Crow's Nest - The retired P&O liner SS Canberra, and her home port of Southampton.
Edwin Fox - Information on the efforts to relocate and restore the Edwin Fox, an 1853 Eastindiaman Immigrant and convict ship.
Freemasonry and the US Coast Guard Cutter Bear - A lodge of Freemasonry's tie with the USS Bear, the Coast Guard Cutter.
Pride of Baltimore II - This 185 ton replica of a topsail schooner (Baltimore Clipper) is an active sail training vessel. Homeport is Baltimore, Maryland.
Tall Ship Picton Castle - 180 foot three-masted barque. Homeport is Lunenburg, Nova Scotia. Member American Sail Training Association.
Great Lakes & Seaway Shipping - Site focuses on Great Lakes commerce. Excellent list of Great Lakes links.
HMS Belfast - Europe's last big gun armoured warship of World War II.
HMS Nelson Battleship 6 - Battleship photos from around the world. Black and white and colour. Photos updated regularly.
USS Seaweed - Site of interest to former US Navy personnel. The site specializes in the sale of US Navy ship ballcaps in addition to photos and history documents suitable for framing.
Internet Naval History - Internet Naval History including World War's 1 & 2, Falklands
MV Le Bon Temps Roule - Restored 1930 Wooden Commuter Yacht used by the Corps of Engineers during WWII. Now crusing the Tchefuncte River - Raising Money for Charity. Homeport: Madisonville, Louisiana.
1492: An Ongoing Voyage - This Library of Congress exhibition examines the first sustained contacts between American people and European explorers, conquerors and settlers from 1492 to 1600.
Tacoma Public Library - Database of more than 13,000 ships.
Ships That Passed - Exhibit of the South Australia Maritime Museum which features the complete text of the book "Ships That Passed". The book includes chapters regarding Brig Rapid, HMCS Protector, City of Adelaide, Wongala and others.
Russian Gloriuos Battleships - The history, pictures and description of famous Russian battleships, armour and weapons.
Ships of the Ancient Greeks - An annotated collection of internet resources for research about ships of Ancient Greece: Archaeology-, history-, classics- and museum sites, bibliographies, syllabi, articles, lectures, book reviews, and images.
USS Robert A Owens DD827 - Carpenter Class Destroyer, history of the Robert A Owens DD827.
USS Constellation - Sloop-of-war built in 1854. Homeported in Baltimore, Maryland. The Constellation Foundation is conducting restoration.
Royal War Ship Wasa - Picture galleries of one of Swedens most beautiful 17th century ships. (1629)
Northwest Ships - Naval ships with Northwestern geographical names.
Petition for Congressional Investigation of USS Liberty Attack - A call for Congress to investigate the June 8, 1967 attack on the U.S.S. Liberty by Israeli armed forces, which resulted in the death of 34 members of the Liberty's crew and wounded 172 others.
Ship Eastland - On Saturday, July 24, 1915, the passenger ship Eastland, docked in downtown Chicago, unexpectedly "tipped over", spilling passengers into the river and trapping others underwater.
NOAA Ship RUDE - Pronounced "Rudy", the ship performs inshore hydrographic surveys along the northeast coast in support of NOAA's nautical charting mission.
Ancient Egyptian ships and boats - The development of Egyptian vessels in pharaonic times
The Sutton Hoo ship recreated - Well-preserved traces of a ship, 27 m long, which had been placed in the grave around 625/630 AD.
Tilikum - Circumnavigating the globe in a small sailing vessel.
Amistad Links - A listing of links to pages about the history of the Amistad.
Nautical Heritage Society - The Californian is a full-scale re-creation of the 1848-vintage Revenue Marine Service Cutter, C.W. Lawrence.
The Livadia - Details of the construction in Scotland of a steam yacht for the Russian Tsar.
HMS Rose - The only Class-A size Tall Ship in the United States to be U.S. Coast Guard certified as a Sailing School Vessel.
Steve's SS Australis Travel Page - Celebrating the life and times aboard the Chandris Lines flagship SS Australis (formerly SS America) from 1966 to 1976.
Great Lakes Ship History - Photographs of past and present, information ships, shipbuilding history, and lighthouse photographs.
Pamir memorial - Devoted to the memory of the german four-masted barque Pamir and her seamen. English, french and german versions.
Steamboat Rowena - An up-todate research on the Steamboat Rowena of the Cumberland River, Kentucky, U.S.A. early 1900's complete with pictures. Safe for Kids, Educational.
Cutter Bibb - History and fact about the cutter. Includes a listing of comanding officers, it's Vietnam tour and final duty.
Liberty Ships - A master-list of their names.
Ancient Ships - An overview of the use of ships in ancient cultures. Most of the illustrations and iconography are from ancient artifacts and made by artisans in the historic time the of ships.
T2 Tanker Page - T2 Tanker names, builders, and types.
HMS Fowey(24) Ship's Company & Marines - A hands-on maritime living-history educational organization dedicated to an accurate and dignified portrayal of the Gallant Seamen and Marines of the British Royal Navy 1775-1781.
Tall Ship Homepage - Tallships from around the world. Many from Opsail 2000 and of the Coast Guard Cutter Eagle.
USS Thomas Stone - Passenger liner and troop transport.
A Maritime Anthology - An eclectic collection of various ocean liners and sundry historic vessels from the remotest of nations.
HMS Victory - HMS Victory at the battle of trafalgar 1805.
RMS Remuera - The New Zealand Steam Ship Co vessel Remuera, 1911-1940.
Great Lakes History Homepage - Great Lakes maritime history, with an emphasis in shipwrecks. Contains a database of over 4,400 Great Lakes shipwrecks.
Mohamed Ali el-Kebir - Information about the sinking of the British transport the SS Mohamed Ali el-Kebir by the German U-boat U-38 in 1940.
Great White Fleet Organization - Information about the United States Atlantic Battle Fleet, nicknamed the Great White Fleet, which in 1907 embarked on a journey to circumnavigate the globe.
USS Liberty - Ship attacked by Israel during the 1967 six day war. Dedicated to the memory of 34 young men who gave their lives defending the USS Liberty. Site provides articles and stories about the attack.
Empress of Ireland - is a Canadian marine disaster of a Titanic proportion. More passengers lives were lost on the Empress of Ireland than when the Titanic sank.
Australian River Class Merchant Ships - A history of the building, service and disposal of the Australian built "River Class" merchant ships.
The three master barque Belem - Dedicated to the history of the French three master barque Belem (1896).
USCGC Eagle - U.S. Coast Guard's tall ship used for cadet training. Site provides ship information and history.
Friends of HMS Vengeance - Campaign to save the last British-built WW2 aircraft carrier from scrapping
The Great Ocean Liners - Nice site on the great ocean lines from the 1830's to the 1960's.
Great Ships - The Ocean liner postcard and ephemera collection of Jeff Newman. Features images and histories of such lines as Canadian Pacific, Cunard, Hapag, NDL P&O and White Star. Many hundreds of ships are documented.
Monsters of the Sea: The Great Ocean Liners of Time - A site dedicated to all the ocean liners of the past with, summaries of careers and pictures.
The Olympic Class Liners - This is the definitive research site on the Olympic class liners from the White Star Line.
PBS Online - Lost Liners - Titanic, Lusitania, Empress of Ireland, Britannic, Andrea Doria.
RMS Mauretania - History of one of the world's first great ocean liners, built in the early 1900's.
RMS Queen Mary - Historic ocean liner built in 1936, now berthed in California serving as a tourist attraction - hotel, restaurants, tours, special events, meetings, etc.
Royal Regals - A History of Ocean Liners - A fond look back at the great ocean liners of the 20th century. Ocean liners covered include RMS Queen Mary, Andrea Doria, Lusitania, and others.
Ships of the Chandris LInes - Comprehensive site detailing the history of the Chandris Line and their ships; Australis, Britanis, Ellinis etc. Also a history of the Matson Lines featuring the liners Malolo, Monterey, Mariposa and Lurline.
S.S. United States - History, recollections, photographs.
SS United States - Site dedicated to "America's greatest ocean liner", currently berthed in Philadelphia. Historical data and info about the SS United States Foundation.
Dave Lee's Queen Mary Photo Page - Photographs of the Queen Mary berthed in retirement in Long Beach, California.
MaritimeMatters - Ocean liner and cruise ship history and news; includes links to ship cams, steamship line histories, preservation and restoration resources, and maritime museums.
Early 20th Century Ocean Liners - Links to information about several German ships launched prior to the First World War.
Normandie: The Ship of Light - Introduction to France's answer to the postwar ocean liners, including background, planning and construction, service and decorations, and it sdestruction and salvage.
SS United States Foundation - Non-profit organization devoted to the preservation and restoration of the ocean liner. Information about Foundation activities; photographs and articles about the ship with stories from passengers; event calendar; directory of local chapters.
SS Uganda Log - A journal from a school cruise in February 1979. Includes message board.
Hospital Ship Britannic - Site devoted to the short career and mysterious demise of the Titanic's sister ship. Includes various maps, photographs, and facts and figures, a compilation of memorials, and message board.
Queen Mary - A visitor's guide from About.com, including an interview with the ship's historian about the steamer's restoration.
Titanic International - Concise links; including first hand accounts of the disaster and a discussion group.
Ocean Planet: The RMS Titanic - Geographical survey of where the ship lies. Various links to numerous stories and news reports of the time.
Addergoole Titanic Society - Dedicated to erecting a memorial in this parish, where eleven people who perished aboard the liner were from.
Queens Island Belfast - In-depth research presented in text and photographs of the shipyard where the vessel was built.
This is Titanic - News, features, pictures and archive material relating to the vessels home port of Southampton.
The Titanic Stop - Information including quotations, fares, passenger list, crew list, cargo manifest, photographs, deck plans, flags, newspaper coverage, death certificates, maps, glossary and myths.
Edgardo Andrew - The story of 17-year-old Edgardo Andrew, who embarked on the Titanic driven by fate and haunted by a shocking premonition. Includes all aspects of the boys journey with memorabilia.
Click2Disasters - The Titanic - Step-by-step information about the ill-fated liner, presented in chapters.
Sinking of the Titanic and Great Sea Disasters - Complete, illustrated text of Logan Marshall's work, published 1912.
On Watch: The Deck Officers & Wireless Operators - Among those on board when ship struck an iceberg were 8 deck officers and 2 radio operators. This website provides information on these crew members.
The Titanic Lexicon - Great deal of information, including pictures and the resulting lessons that were learnt.
Titanic, Britannic, and Olympic - Information on the three famous ships of the White Star Line. Includes pictures, links, drawings and the Norwegian passenger list. Featured is a deck plan broken into 4 sections.
Welcome to the official Titanic website. - RMS Titanic history archive, Maritime news
Titanic Times - Belfast at the time of the Titanic - Titanic was built in Belfast. This site details Press reaction to the building of the liner, the disaster, and the Belfast of the period.
Online Titanic Museum - Items related to White Star line, and artifacts recovered from wreck site feature here. Includes links to downloadable archive movie files.
Titanic - Britannica Onlines exhibit about 1912 disaster. Featured images include a Titanic propeller, plus a luggage tag and engine room telegraph recovered from the wreck.
Titanic: The Official Archive - Details of articles recovered by the only company with salvage rights on the wreck.
3D Titanic - Story and FAQ pertaining to the ship. Also includes memorabilia owned by the site author.
Dean's Titanic - Dedicated to the personal collection of White Star line and the ships memorabilia, owned by the site author.
Titanic Memorabilia - Purchase genuine artifacts recovered from the ship, or purchase the opportunity to dive down to the wreck.
Grand Romantic Tragedy or Traffic Accident at Sea? - Exams the disaster and questions the actual historical significance.
Did a Metallurgical Failure Cause a Night to Remember? - Journal of Metals article about Titanic's construction.
George Behe's Titanic Tidbits - Information overlooked by other historians and Titanic theories.
What Really Sank the Titanic? - Personal site with theories to the cause of the tragedy.
An Enduring Example of Money Management vs. Risk Management - Academic article showing how cost-savings meant certain death.
The Truth About the Titanic - Personal site with theories and coincidences surrounding the disaster.
Titanic's Designer Reincarnated - Opportunity to purchase books by a man claiming to be Thomas Andrews reincarnation.
David Clarke's 3D Titanic - Virtual gallery with three-dimentional views of the Titanic.
Fantail's Titanic Art Gallery - Online gallery of Paul Quinn's oil paintings.
Titanic: Destination Cyberspace - Related art gallery which includes survivor accounts.
All Things Titanic - Information included; the ship, the people and the boats. Resources, features the ships manifest and various archive photos. Authors project to build a seven foot replica of the vessel is documented.
Jay's Titanic - Chronological story of the ship presented in chapters, with details of passenger and cargo lists.
Jim's RMS Titanic - Detailed educational and reference site about the vessel and the cultural, technical and historical impact of her sinking.
Mary Jane's Titanic - Brief biography using factual information surrounding the sinking of the ship.
Nic Wilson's Titanic, Olympic and Brittanica - Links and construction information for all three sister ships of the White Star line. Seperate link for each vessel.
RMS Titanic : Ship of Dreams - The story of the liner with pictures, chat room and questions page. Dedicated to those who lost their lives that night. Also includes other transatlantic ships.
RMS Titanic Model - Photos of a "cut-a-way" view model of the ship housed at the Los Angeles Maritime Museum located at San Pedro, California.
The Ship Of Dreams - Information and pictures about the ship, with folklore regarding the disaster.Including scripts and details of the 1997 movie.
Stories from the Titanic - Personal accounts of the sinking from survivors. Includes full biographical information on several of the people who were involved with the sinking.
Titanic: Beginning to End - Quotes, graphs, images, and information about the ship, as well as details of the 1997 movie.
The Unsinkable Titanic - Personal site with photographs and links.
RMS Titanic and Her Sister Ships - Historical background, pictures and technical specifications for each ship, conspiracy theory details, and information about other maritime disasters.
Andrea Doria - The tragedy and rescue at sea.
Andrea Doria - Grand Dame of the Sea - Italia's grand dame of the sea. Interior photographs and the tragic story of her collision at sea.
The Sinking of the Andrea Doria - A newspaper article interviewing a survivor of the collision.
The Sinking of the Andrea Doria - An account by news photographer Bob Wendlinger.
mv Stockholm - A history in pictures and text of MV Stockholm, the Swedish American vessel that collided with and sank Andrea Doria.
RMS Lusitania - Complete story of the RMS Lusitania, Captain Turner and the fate of the great liner with pictures and questions.
RMS Lusitania - History and pictures of the RMS Lusitania.
William Jennings Bryan - American protest over the sinking of the Lusitania.
Lusitania Controversy - GWPDA Maritime War Section
Lusitania and her last Captain - Information on the great ocean liner Lusitania and that of her last captian, William Thomas Turner.
The Treasures of Expedition Whydah - Site devoted to the pirate shipwreck Whydah, the only documented pirate wreck ever discovered. Some general notes about historical piracy.
Queen Anne's Revenge Project - Official site of a project to protect, document, recover, and interpret the shipwreck believed to be Queen Anne's Revenge, flagship of Blackbeard the pirate.
S.S. Edmund Fitzgerald - A small online exhibit on the famous sunken freighter from the Great Lakes Shipwreck Museum. Includes photos, information, and links about the freighter and a memorial to its lost crew.
Edmund Fitzgerald - Sells videos about of the sinking of the freighter and other famous shipwrecks.
Edmund Fitzgerald Bell Restoration Project - Description of the recovery and restoration of the Edmund Fitzgerald's bell by Michigan State University. Tells the story of the sinking and a photo an illustrated chronology of the restoration.
The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald - Story of SS Edmund Fitzgerald and its crew.
Nautical Works: The S.S. Edmund Fitzgerald - Information links, art, books and video on the wreck of the SS Edmund Fitzgerald from NauticalWorks.com.
S.S. Edmund Fitzgerald Online - Site dedicated to the famous 1975 sinking of a Great Lakes freighter. Includes fast facts, photos, theories of the sinking, memorial to the crew, TONS of features,and links.
Sinking of the Fitzgerald - The sinking of the SS Edmund Fitzgerald - November 10, 1975
Edmund Fitzgerald Weather - A chart showing the weather on November 10, 1975, the day of the sinking of the Edmund Fitzgerald.
The Edmund Fitzgerald: A pictorial tribute to the Edmund Fitzgerald and her crew - A pictorial tribute to the Edmund Fitzgerald by Dale Lewis.
Edmund Fitzgerald Shipwreck Memorial - Image of the bell from the Edmund Fitzgerald commemorating the death of the twenty-nine men when the ship sank in November 1975.
Families of Edmund Fitzgerald crewmen Will Travel to Site of Disaster - A news story covering the 1999 visit by relatives of the deceased crew to the site where the ship sank.
The fateful voyage of the Edmund Fitzgerald - History of the ship and its sinking. Includes maps, photographs from the Detroit News archives, and a listing of the crewmen who died.
Edmund Fitzgerald - An account of the sinking of the freighter on November 10, 1975. Includes photographs, listing of crew members, and related links.
Pirates of the Spanish Main - Contains information on piracy in general, notorious pirates, shipwrecks, treasures, piracy literature, artwork, and games.
Capt. Blood's Haven - A collection of information on piracy - includes biographies of famous captains, assorted documents, pictures, and a bibliography. Also, a children's section and desktop themes.
The Pirate's Cove - Nautical archaeology and pirate history - includes several biographies of famous pirates.
Canadian Privateering - Information on the history of privateering concentrating on Nova Scotia, Canada - includes FAQ, a "do-it-yourself Letter of Marque", and recommended reading list.
Pyrates Providence - Information about pirates and piracy during the Golden Age of Pirates - includes biographies, ships and treasure.
Corsair - A history of the Jolly Roger flag and piracy in general.
CyberInk: Pirates - Collection of links to pirate-related books, videos, historical destinations and pirate-related travel destinations and collectibles.
The Scoop - Adventure Page - Pirate site oriented around interactive stories for children.
Pirate Pete's Kids Index - A site oriented toward children's activities with a pirate theme.
Pirates at the City Art Centre - General information about pirates - includes biographies, maps and Scottish information.
Scurvy Dogs - General information about piracy in the Golden Age.
The Pirate's Hold - Information on pirates - includes biographies, movies, books, flags, ships and period maps.
Pirate King's Plank - Some images, but otherwise very slim on pirate information.
Isle of Tortuga - Piracy at sea throughout history. Includes biographies and original documents.
Captain Blood's Cove - Contains pirate and nautical information, reading list and images.
Pirates of Grand Turk - Biographies of Calico Jack Rackham, Mary Read and Anne Bonny.
Le Diable Volant - History of pirates in the Americas during the late 17th century - includes biographies and historical records. In French and English.
Pirates - Fact and Legend - Offers many facts on pirates in the 17th and 18th centuries.
Pirates - A general look a pirates from the Golden Age of Piracy, oriented toward children.
The Golden Age of Piracy - A site with some brief information on pirate authors. Buys and sells books, maps, prints, coins and artifacts.
Pirates and Piracy in Early Newfoundland History - Short discussion and links to related biographical sketches and information.
The UnMuseum - The Golden Age of Piracy - Basic overview of the age - includes a few biographies.
Captain Morgan's Journal - Mostly lists of books about pirates - includes links to other nautical sites.
Brethren of the Coast - Various information about pirates, includes biographies, images and book lists.
Pirate's Plunders - Brief information about pirates.
Pirates of the Caribbean - A historical look at piracy in the Caribbean - includes biographies of famous pirates, historical information and a bibliography.
Pirates - Brief information on pirates, buccaneers and privateers - includes information on a few famous pirates. Some artwork and graphics.
The Pirate's Life - Dead Men Tell No Tales - Selected 17th/18th century pirate, privateer, and buccaneer biographies, ships, Jolly Rogers.
Pirates and Privateers - Column that explores the history of pirates and privateers from ancient times to the present.
Pirates: Rochedale State School - Piracy in the 17th and 18th centuries - includes general information, biographies of famous pirates, stories, poems, questions, and a summary of R.L. Stevenson's "Treasure Island". Researched and written by Year 5A students at Rochedale State School.
NQG Pirate Links - Links to pirate and maritime sites.
The New England Pirate Museum - Historical tour of piracy in 17th century New England. Educational packets available.
Pirates of The Bahamas - The official site of the Bahamas Ministry of Tourism
Pirates, the Most Famous - Features biographies of various well known and less known pirates. Include some general information on the ships and period.
Swashbuckler's Cove - Offers a variety of general information about the Golden Age of Piracy - includes biographies.
Travels of a Buccaneer - A resource for travelers seeking historical, nautical, and entertainment outlets relating to pirates.
Dampier, William: The New World Voyages - Brief biography of this 17th century British explorer. From the Athena Review.
Bonny, Anne - An account of the life of a notorious female pirate, based on the writings of John Carlova.
Deane, John - Sailor, mercenary, spy, diplomat, petty criminal and shipwrecked cannibal. Short biography.
O'Malley, Gráinne: Pirates and Privateers - Biography of this Irish noblewoman turned pirate. Also known as Gráinne Ni Mháille, Granuaile, Grace O'Malley, Grany Malley.
Morgan, Henry - a Welsh buccaneer - A short biography of Sir Henry Morgan and his relationship with the Morgans of Monmouthshire.
Whydah Pirates - A National Geographic documentary on the Whydah, and the lives of her crew.
Dampier, William - One time buccaneer and British explorer, short biography and discussion of his trip to the Orient.
Easton, Peter - Biography of The Marquis of Savoy, an infamous pirate of the seventeenth century.
Introduction to Pirate Stories - Articles on pirates written by William T. Block. Includes several focused on Jean Lafitte.
Bonny, Anne and Read, Mary - Abridged versions of the biographies of these two women pirates provided in Captain Charles Johnson's book.
Kidd's Island - A short history of Captain Kidd and speculation about pirate's treasure buried in the Connecticut River.
Jean Lafitte: Gentleman Pirate of New Orleans - Information on the life of pirate Jean Lafite.
Captain Kidd's Island Found - Dedicated to his life and times - includes biographical information and the hunt for buried treasure.
Calico Jack - John Rackham - Offers a biography and couple of images of this pirate.
Blackbeard - About Edward Blackbeard Teach, the Queen Anne's Revenge, recovered treasures and artifacts.
Legends Pirates and Privateers Blackbeard - Biography of one of the most infamous pirates in history.
Blackbeard - Treasure Hunt - Information about Edward Teach and his ship the Queen Anne's Revenge.
Blackbeard Lives - Offering detailed information about Blackbeard, including RealAudio or wav clips.
Blackbeard: Teach's Hole - Exhibit and Pyrate Specialty Shoppe dedicated to Blackbeard the pirate, who died in Ocracoke, NC. Detailed history of Blackbeard, also general information on piracy.
Blackbeard, the Legend of - A short biography of Edward Teach by JTHT.
Drake, Sir Francis - A short biography of the English pirate/privateer.
Blackbeard's Shipwreck - Information on the pirate and the wreck of his ship the Queen Anne's Revenge.
Pirates and Privateers Sir Francis Drake - Biography of this English navigator and privateer.
Drake, Sir Francis - Information on the 16th century circumnavigation of the world in the Golden Hind. Portions adapted from Francis Drake in Nova Albion - The Mystery Restored by Oliver Seeler.
Sir Francis Drake's Lost Harbor Found - Amateur historian's theory that Drake's lost harbor is Whale Cove, Oregon.
Drake, Sir Francis - Sir Francis Drake's latitude errors point to his California landfall in 1579.
The Man Who Put England on the Map - Short excerpt from Smithsonian article defending Drake's reputation against modern attacks.
Modern History Sourcebook: Francis Pretty - One of the men who sailed with Drake, writes of their voyage around the world.
The English Mercurie - July 23rd, 1588 - Scans of the English Mercurie July 23, 1588. Contains an original account of the battle with the Spanish Armada.
Beej's Pirate Image Archive - Artwork, drawings, and other piratical images.
Treasure Island - A teaching unit for R.L. Stevenson's book - includes pirates' training courses, research, Seaman First Class test, Treasure Island Guide and bibliography.
Origin of the Jolly Roger - A brief explanation of the origin of the pirate flag or Jolly Roger.
Old Hickory and the Pirate - Historic Traveler Feature - An article about Andrew Jackson, Jean Lafitte and the Battle of New Orleans.
In Search of Blackbeard - Article about Edward Teach from October '97 Historic Traveler Feature
The Buccaneers of America - "A true account of the most remarkable assaults committed of late years upon the coasts of the West Indies by the Buccaneers of Jamaica and Tortuga." By John Esquemeling.
The Pirate's Library - A reading list of books about Pirates, fiction and nonfiction.
When Blackbeard Scourged the Seas - A biography of Edward Teach, one image.
World History Gateway - An annotated directory of online resources on world history for high school and college students.
Christy's Garden of History - detailed world history timelines, maps, biographies, and more
HyperHistory Online - "HyperHistory Online navigates through 3 000 years of World History with links to important persons of world historical importance; civilization timelines; events and facts; and historical maps."
Global Studies
World History - A narrative on trends, successes and failures across the ages in power conflicts, religion, philosophy, and political institutions. Also, monthly commentaries with a historical perspective.
Odin's Castle of Dreams & Legends - An Archive of History and Historical Resources. All time periods from dawn of man to today.
Internet Global History Sourcebook
The World Lecture Hall - The World Lecture Hall (WLH) contains links to pages created by faculty worldwide who are using the Web to deliver class materials. For translating course URLs from or into English, Spanish,French, German, or Portuguese, try a translation service. See also distance education courses offered by The University of Texas System.
Lectures about Western Civilization till Thirty Year War - Good all round presentations by Professor Gerhard Rempel, Western New England College - understandable by laymen.
World History Course - Complete course with notes, questions, and links, useful for homeschooling or tutoring at regular and advanced levels. Over 2500 links for over 40 different social studies categories.
World History Course on the Internet - Entire World History course by units. Pre-history, Classical Civilizations, Middle Ages, Renaissance, Revolutions, Victorian Era, Century of Wars, Global Perspectives. Also has over 2000 web links for social studies in 40 different categories. Great for home school or distance learning. Many activities plus notes and graphics. Teacher maintained site at school site
Horus' History Links - A good site for looking up some historical information. You can look at indexes sorted by subject, time and etc.
Magna Graecia - the Origin of Western Civilization - An educational source for the gathering and the study all apects of the origin and growth of Western Civilization.
Western Civilization: From Adam to Atom - Lecture notes from retired history professor, Dr. Raymond Jirran.
NM's Creative Impulse - An artist's view of world history and Western Civilization. Broad collection of links by subject to art, literature, and other cultural elements of the history of world civilizations.
The World History Information and Entertainment - Lists of links, organized by country.
TheHistoryNet Archives - World History - Collection of frequently updated articles, reviews, and photographs about historical events around the world.
Five Epochs of Civilization - Book by William McGaughey about world history as emerging in five civilizations. Provides some brief descriptions and timelines, relating four of them to changes in communication technologies.
The Historian Underground - The site is dedicated to a critical analysis of History and its methodologies, as well as philosophy of history and historiography.
Mr. Braman's World History Homepage - A collection of vocabulary words, reading syllabi, and short articles covering world civilizatiosn from ancient to modern times, aimed at secondary school students.
Western Civilization - Western Civilization chronology.
Historical Text Archive - History archive and links to world history sites.
EDUNet's Timemachine - Travel back to 10,000 years and see what's hot in world history after last ice age.
World History circa 1200 A.D. - Selection of short articles about world figures and events in the early thirteenth century.
International Migration - International migration from B.C. to this day.
History of Humanity - Information on a seven-volume history of Scientific and Cultural Development published by UNESCO. Includes a sample chapter and full table of contents.
All Empires - A database and online community dedicated to historical empires and cultures of the world.
Voyage of Exploration: Discovering New Horizons - Leads visitors on a journey through the past centuries looking at the explorers, the dangers they faced, where they went, and their motivations for exploration. In English and Dutch.
Society for the History of Discoveries - Offers an annual prize for an essay on voyages, history of exploration, navigation, nautical travels, maritime history, and geographical discovery.
Age of Exploration - Curriculum guide to maritime exploration throughout history, including a time line list of major events, 3200 B.C. - 1779 A.D..
Antarctic Philately - History, biographies, and memorabilia of explorers of the "great white continent".
Meeting of Frontiers - "A bilingual, multimedia English-Russian digital library that tells the story of the American exploration and settlement of the West, the parallel exploration and settlement of Siberia and the Russian Far East, and the meeting of the Russian-American frontier in Alaska and the Pacific Northwest." From the US Library of Congress.
The Age of Discovery - Chapter-length article written in 1966 reviewing the literature on exploration. Includes references, by Wilcomb E. Washburn.
Ships of Discovery - Underwater archaeology and shipwrecks. "Sheds light on the ships that have made our planet one world."
Mercator's World Magazine - "The Magazine of Maps, Exploration and Discovery", including "modern and historic explorers, expeditions, and discoveries."
Ancient Egypt: Voyages of Exploration - A summary of early Egyptian voyages along the eastern African coast and the attempted circumnavigation of Africa.
1492: An Ongoing Voyage - A US Library of Congress exhibit which examines indigenous peoples in five parts of the Americas and their sustained contact with European explorers, conquerors and settlers from 1492 to 1600.
Maps of Exploration and Discovery - Searchable collection of historical manuscripts and maps, from the US Library of Congress.
The Pre-British Explorers of Australia - Short expedition biographies of a few British, Dutch and French explorers, with historic maps.
Virtual Exploration Society - Information, pictures, biographies of a handful of explorers through time.
Discoverers Web - Large collection of information and links on voyages of discovery and exploration. Includes a list of explorers who died on their voyages and biographies of several explorers.
MMBC Exploration: Explorer Biographies - Brief biographies and portraits of Europeans who explored the Northwest coast.
Hall of Explorers - Biographical articles on several explorers. Students can submit content.
Count Matus Moric Benovsky - Biographical article on the Hungarian explorer (1746-1786), who journeyed to the Northern Pacific and became Emperor of Madagascar.
The Barren Lands Digital Collection - Photographs, maps, and documents from two exploratory surveys conducted by J.B. Tyrrell of the region west of Hudson Bay.
The Franklin Trail - Archaeological survey of evidence and artifacts relating to the final days of the Franklin expedition.
The Great Web of Percy Harrison Fawcett - Information about the British explorer's Brazilian expedition.
The Life and Times of Sir Richard Francis Burton - Tribute to the British explorer, with essays, images, and discussion.
Ferdinand Magellan - Biography from the Mariners' Museum, Newport News, Virginia.
The Voyage around the World - Essay entitled "After dire straits, an agonizing haul across the Pacific" by Simon Winchester.
The Greatest Voyager of Them All - Biographical and historical essay by Raymond Schuessler.
Ferdinand Magellan - Short biographical article from the Catholic Encyclopedia.
The Magellan Venus Explorer's Guide - Provides a short biography of the explorer.
Magellan's Voyage Round the World - Verbose account made in 1524 of Magellan's voyage.
Magellan's Demise - Historically critical narrative focusing on Magellan's death.
The First to Sail Around the World - National Maritime Museum fact file answers common questions about Ferdinand Magellan.
History of Marco Polo - Some excerpts from the diary of Marco Polo and his Chinese expeditions. From the Medieval Sourcebook.
Marco Polo and His Travels - Article by the Silkroad Foundation.
Marco Polo and Korcula - Introducing the connection between Marco Polo and the Croatian city of Korcula.
Marco Polo - Biographical article from the Catholic Encyclopedia.
Marco Polo - An online summary of National Geographic's feature article tracing Polo's expedition, with images and bibliography.
Marco Polo's Asia - An essay on Marco Polo and his adventures in Asia.
The Fabulous Fabulist: Did Marco Polo Really Make it to China? - "Some scholars are doubting that Marco Polo ever reached China. With map: Marco Polo's path?" From U.S. News Online's Mysteries of History.
The Glories Of Kinsay - An account of Polo's travels written soon after his return to his homeland. From the Medieval Sourcebook.
MSN Learning & Research: Marco Polo - Brief encyclopedia entry from Encarta Online.
Extracts from Columbus's Journal - Selected passages from the journal of his voyage of 1492, from the Medieval Sourcebook.
The Christopher Columbus Controversy: Western Civilization vs. Primitivism - "In expressing suspicion and hatred of Christopher Columbus' achievements, the politically-correct are glorifying the primitivism of the tribal cultures of American Indians and denigrating the values of West".
The Columbus Navigation Homepage - The history, navigation, and landfall of Christopher Columbus. Includes a timeline of the life and voyages of Columbus.
The True Story of Christopher Columbus - Full text of a book by Elbridge Brooks, first published in 1892: A Columbus biography written for young people.
Columbus, Christopher - Article from the Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia.
First Cruising Guide to the Bahamas - Analysis of Columbus's Bahamian travels, with maps.
Christopher Columbus - Lengthy biographical article from the Catholic Encyclopedia, first published in 1908.
Privileges and Prerogatives Granted by Their Catholic Majesties to Christopher Columbus - The Avalon Project presents an English translation of the missive given to Columbus by Ferdinand and Elizabeth in 1492.
Columbus and the Age of Discovery - A searchable collection of many scholarly articles on Columbus and the encounter of two worlds.
Columbus' Letter to the King and Queen of Spain - A translation of a letter to the Spanish monarchs written around 1494, from the Medieval Sourcebook.
Examining the Reputation of Christopher Columbus - "[Columbus] was no more the discoverer of America than Pocahontas was the discoverer of Great Britain. Native Americans had built great civilizations with many millions of people long before Columbus wandered lost into the Caribbean".
Christopher Columbus and the Great Age of Exploration - World Book Encyclopedia article on Columbus and his counterparts.
Christopher Columbus - Biographical article at 1starsearch.com.
Christopher Columbus - National Maritime Museum fact file answers common questions about Columbus's life.
Quarto Abeunte Saeculo - Encyclical issued by Pope Leo XIII on the occasion of the Columbus Quadricentennial, in 1892. Paints the explorer as an exemplary Catholic motivated by a desire to advance the Christian faith.
Uncovering the Real Columbus - Biographical information on his family, early years, and sources of inspiration.
The First British Ship on the NW Coast of America - On Monday, March 30th 1778, Captain James Cook, and his crew sailed his ship Discovery for the first time into Nootka Harbor.
Captain James Cook - The Voyages of Captain James Cook, life and times of the great explorer, links, and news. Extensive information beautifully illustrated.
Cook's Final Voyage - "The purpose of his third voyage was to find the fabled Northwest Passage. Unlike other explorers who attempted to find this area of the world, Cook attempted a route from the Pacific side. Cook visited some of his favorite islands in the Pacific and made stops in New Zealand and Tahiti."
Antarctic Explorers: James Cook - Biography of the explorer with details of his Southern Ocean voyages.
The Mariners' Museum: James Cook - Offers short summary of Cook's life.
Biography of Captain James Cook - Links to extracts from his "A Voyage To The Pacific Ocean", brief biographical information, and links to other sites profiling James Cook.
Voyage of the Endeavor 1768-1771 - Details of Cook's first voyage to the South Pacific for the purpose of timing the transit of Venus across the face of the sun.
The Idealization of Captain Cook - A comparative essay discussing whether Cook was in fact taken as the Hawaiian god Lono or whether it was just made by the British to be seen that way.
Captain Cook Memorial Museum Whitby - Captain Cook Memorial Museum located in John Walkers's House, Whitby, where James Cook served his seaman's apprentiship, important collection of original pictures, manuscripts and artefacts from Cook's life and voyages.
James Cook Links - Includes links to the major sites, biography, youth and early life, the first voyage, the second voyage, the third voyage, documents, people, places, Cook's ships, maps, museums, and monuments.
James Cook: British Navigator and Explorer - Brief biography with links to other Cook sites, and books on Captain Cook.
Captain James Cook: An Original Biography by Nathan Kerl - Original biography includes pictures, links, books, sources, portraits, and family tree.
The Hunterian Museum: Captain Cook Voyages of Discovery - Online exhibition utilising interactive maps.
Captain James Cook: The World's Explorer - Biographical essay, several images, Cook bibliography and links, news, and discussion forum.
Endeavour Project - Journals of Cook's first Pacific voyage, historical maps and images. Requires the Macromedia Shockwave plug-in.
James Cook 17281779 - Essay from The Dictionary of New Zealand Biography vol.1 (1990).
Captain Cook - The National Maritime Museum answers common questions about Cook's life and his explorations.
Cook's Chart - Brief biography of Cook and image of the chart of the NW Coast of America and NE Coast of Asia from his book "A Voyage to the Pacific Ocean".
Captain Cook Society - "A society for everyone interested in James Cook." Publications, articles, biography, and related links.
Abel Tasman - Description of his two Pacific voyages in 1642 and 1644.
Abel Janszoon Tasman - Essay on the Dutch Explorer from The Dictionary of New Zealand Biography vol.1 (1990).
John Cabot: Voyage to North America - First-hand excerpts regarding Cabot's voyages, from the Modern History Sourcebook.
John Cabot - Biography and voyage descriptions.
The Cabot Dilemma - John Cabot's 1497 Voyage and the Limits of Historiography. An essay by Derek Croxton.
John Cabot - Provides a brief biography of Cabot's life along with a listing of his most significant accomplishments.
John Cabot's Voyage and his ship "The Matthew" - Brief biography.
PBS Online: Lewis and Clark - Companion site to the Ken Burns film, 'Lewis and Clark: The Journey of the Corps of Discovery.' Information on the explorers, expedition journals, trip timeline and maps, interviews with historical experts, an overview of Native American tribes, and classroom lessons.
Lewis and Clark History Day - Expedition paintings and summary, with an annotated subject bibliography.
Discovering Lewis and Clark - Interactive workshop providing an overview of the journey of Lewis and Clark, including journal excerpts.
Lewis and Clark Trail - Historical account of the Corps of Discovery along the Lewis and Clark Trail. Includes an events calendar, trail properties, and trail treasures.
Lewis and Clark Education Center - Engages educators and students in a dynamic understanding of The Lewis and Clark Expedition (1803-1806).
Jefferson's Letter - Read the contents of Jefferson's letter of commission to Meriwether Lewis exactly as it was written.
Lewis and Clark Internet Archive - A links directory of several hundred sites related to the Lewis and Clark expedition.
Lewis and Clark - Ohio River Chapter - The mission of the Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation is to honor the historic legacy of Lewis and Clark through research, education, preservation, promotion, and coordination.
William Clark - Virtualology Biography including research links, and illustrations.
Lewis and Clark North West - Short history of the expedition, with maps and trip planning information for following the trail. Includes directory of present-day businesses.
Pacific County Friends of Lewis and Clark - News, maps, and history of the Corps of Discovery's 18 days spent in Pacific County, Washington.
Following the Voyage of Discovery - A few historical FAQs, with an expedition map.
Lewis and Clark - National Geographic's expedition gallery, with references.
Meriwether Lewis - Virtualology Biography including research links, and illustrations.
Voyage of Rediscovery - Maps, pictures, and historic information.
Lewis and Clark and the Revealing of America - Library of Congress online exhibition of navigation maps.
Smithsonian Magazine: Iron Will - Article about William Clark's later life.
National Geographic: Lewis and Clark - Includes an interactive journey log, maps, historical photos, drawings, a timeline, and details of their discoveries.
Montana Lewis and Clark Bicentennial - News and information from the Montana Lewis and Clark Bicentennial Commission.
Lewis and Clark Bicentennial in Oregon - Information and partners.
St. Charles Lewis and Clark Bicentennial - Tourist information and history from the Saint Charles Missouri Lewis and Clark Bicentennial Commission.
Washington Lewis and Clark Expedition Bicentennial - Planning information from Washington State.
Lewis and Clark Bicentennial Council - News on commemorating the legacy of the Lewis and Clark expedition.
The Ultimate Adventure - Time magazine's site for the Lewis and Clark bicentennial. Includes an essay by Walter Kirn, map, and biblography.
Lewis and Clark Illinois - Celebrating the Bicentennial of the Lewis and Clark Expedition and the role Illinois played.
Lewis and Clark Bicentennial - United States Department of Interior site. Includes trail information, links to partner agencies, and educational resources.
Lewis & Clark College - Essays, collections, events, and symposia information.
Shackleton's Antarctic Odyssey - "This legendary explorer's 1914-1916 Endurance expedition is one of the greatest survival stories of all time. Now we return to document Shackleton's final trial: the crossing of South Georgia by three of the world's most distinguished mountaineers." Includes multimedia and classroom aids, from Nova Online.
Shackleton's Legendary Antarctic Expedition - Description of the Endurance voyage. Companion to the American Museum of Natural History exhibit.
Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton - Biography and expedition summaries, with photographs and family history.
Antarctic Explorers: Ernest Shackleton - Biography and detailed overview of Shackleton's expeditions.
Frank Hurley - Product information for "diaries, photographs and inner workings of Frank Hurley, Expedition Photographer on Sir Ernest Shackleton's 'Endurance' expedition". Some pictures and background information.
Kodak: The Endurance - Frank Hurley's photographs from the Antarctic voyage.
Sir Ernest Shackleton: Irish Antarctic Explorer - A basic biography from All About Irish, with links.
The James Caird Society - Charity named after one of Shackleton's vessels. Illustrated expedition summary, with information, news, and publications.
Shackleton - Official site of the A&E movie starring Kenneth Branagh. With an Endurance expedition summary, biography, and survival game.
Leif Ericson Homepage - Biographical essays and articles on "the discoverer of America."
Leifur Eiríksson - Biography by Mr. Jonas Kristjansson from the Embassy of Iceland.
Leif Ericson Biography (from ODIN) - Short biography from the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Leif Erikson - In-depth account of the first European to set foot in the New World.
Leif Ericsson - An illustrated biography from the Viking Network.
MSN Learning & Research: Leif Eriksson - Brief encyclopedia entry from Encarta Online.
Francisco Pizarro - Concise biographical article from the Catholic Encyclopedia.
Henry Hudson - Concise biographical article from The Mariners' Museum.
Biography of Henry Hudson, 17th Century Explorer - Detailed biography and voyage chronology. Includes Hudson's family tree and a fictional journal entry.
Henry Hudson: Explorer of the Hudson River - Brief biography and "Half Moon" voyage overview.
The Ship Half Moon - Detailed introduction to the Dutch ship Henry Hudson commanded in 1609.
Henry Hudson: an Englishman in Dutch service - Short overview of Hudson's years as an explorer for the Netherlands.
Mercator's World: Feature - The Ghost of Henry Hudson - A Washington Map Society member tells of his attemp to retrace the last voyage of Henry Hudson and to reconcile it with a mysterious Dutch chart that appeared immediately after Hudson's mutineers returned to England.
Juan Ponce de León - Concise biographical article from the Catholic Encyclopedia.
Antarctic Explorers: Richard E. Byrd - Biography with details of Byrd's Antarctic expeditions.
The American Experience: Alone on the Ice - "Richard Byrd's 1934 ordeal within Antarctica's interior." Enhanced show transcript, exploration timeline, maps, and teacher's guide.
To The Pole - Short review of the Richard Byrd notebooks from 1925-1927.
Mercator's World Feature: Due North? - Explores the question of whether Byrd actually reached the North Pole in his famous flight.
The Papers of Admiral Richard E. Byrd - Collection information and photographs, from the Byrd Polar Research Center Archival Program at The Ohio State University.
Cabeza de Vaca, 16th Century Explorer - "Cabeza de Vaca was the first European to describe America from Florida thru Texas. His writings are the oldest history we have of Native Americans." Includes trail maps and outline.
Cabeza de Vaca - A short biography, focusing on the importance of Cabeza de Vaca's travels.
Cabeza de Vaca's Journey to the Southwest - Historical background and pictures of art and artifacts.
Windows to the Unknown: Cabeza de Vaca's Journey to the Southwest - Research on the famous explorer and his journeys.
Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca - Companion to the PBS Series "The West". Includes a translated account of Cabeza de Vaca's journeys.
The Journey of Alvar Nuñez Cabeza De Vaca - A detailed historical account.
Adventures in the Unknown Interior of America - English translation of Cabeza de Vaca's full 1542 expedition report.
Hernando De Soto - Biographical article from the Catholic Encyclopedia.
The Soto Expedition - Illustrated description of De Soto's travels and conflicts.
Hernando DeSoto's Trails through North America - "Introduction to Florida Exploration and Conquest by Hernando de Soto and Cabeza de Vaca, 16th century." Includes trail maps and outline.
Soto is Born - First chapter of the book "Hernando de Soto: A Savage Quest in the Americas". Covers his early life.
MSN Learning & Research: Hernando De Soto - Brief encyclopedia entry from Encarta Online.
End of an Empire: Spanish Conquest of Mexico - Historical overview of the Aztec War.
Cortes: Conqueror of Mexico - History guide for students and teachers.
Hernando Cortes - Concise biographical article from the Catholic Encyclopedia.
Aztec Account of the Conquest of Mexico - Translated accounts provide an Aztec perspective on Cortez's conquest. From the Modern History Sourcebook.
Vasco da Gama - Explores da Gama's role as the knight commander of the military Order of Christ. Includes other biographical information and sketches.
Vasco Da Gama - An article from the Catholic Encyclopedia with links to related articles.
500 Years After Vasco da Gama Arrived in India - Examines the current controversy over whether da Gama was an explorer or an exploiter.
Round Africa to India, 1497-1498 CE - Translation of da Gama's original account. From the Modern History Sourcebook.
Vasco da Gamma Seeks Sea Route to India - A story-like account of da Gama's voyages.
Vasco Da Gama - Overview of da Gama's life, with a chronological sketch of his voyages. Includes map.
Henry the Navigator - Lengthy article about this Portuguese prince's life and family.
Africans in America: Prince Henry the Navigator - Excerpt from a PBS series examines Henry's role in opening routes for the trade of slaves.
Discoverers Web: Henry the Navigator - Short biography from Discoverers Web. Includes links to articles on related subjects.
Prince Henry the Navigator - An article from the Catholic Encyclopedia.
Mappa.Mundi Magazine: Prince Henry, The Navigator - Article provides an overview of Henry's life and its impact.
Jacques Cartier's Contribution to Canadian Toponymy - Examines Cartier's influence on the naming of Canadian territory.
Discoverers Web: Jacques Cartier - Article focuses on Cartier's voyages and time in the New World.
Jacques Cartier - An article from the Catholic Encyclopedia.
History of Nova Scotia: The Voyages of Jacques Cartier - Tells of the time Cartier spent in the region that would become Nova Scotia.
Jacques Cartier - Brief summary of Cartier's life.
The Virtual Museum of New-France: Jacques Cartier - An in-depth illustrated feature on Cartier's explorations.
Scott of the Antarctic - The story of his last expedition together with photographs taken by Mr. Ponting, the expedition photographer.
Robert F. Scott - Biography, photographs, bibliography and recommended reading.
Captain Robert Falcon Scott - Article on the 1910-1912 expedition together with map of the routes taken by Scott and Amundsen.
Exploration: Robert Falcon Scott - Full story of the last expedition together with the expedition time line and a comparison with Roald Amundsen's expedition.
Doomed Expedition To The Pole, 1912 - Extracts from the journal of Antarctic explorer Captain Robert Scott describe the final days of his failed expedition.
Discovery Point - Visit Captain Scott's famous polar exploration ship RRS Discovery at Discovery Point in Dundee. Includes biography of the explorer and his expeditions.
Scotts Big Chill - A comparison of the temperatures experienced by Scott at the time of the 1912 expedition with the modern day recorded averages.
The Life of Roald Amundsen - The Norwegian government presents a biography and expedition summary.
Roald Amundsen - An account of Amundsen's polar adventures, from the companion to the PBS series Alone on the Ice.
Antarctic Explorers: Roald Amundsen - Biography and detailed overview of Amundsen's expeditions.
The South Pole; An Account of the Norwegian Antarctic Expedition in the 'Fram,' 1910-1912, Volume 1 - Project Gutenberg etext of Amundsen's book.
The South Pole; An Account of the Norwegian Antarctic Expedition in the 'Fram,' 1910-1912, Volume 2 - Project Gutenberg etext of Amundsen's book.
Major John Wesley Powell - Biography of the explorer of the Colorado River, from the John Wesley Powell Memorial Museum.
The Powell Expedition - A map and account of the events of the Colorado River expedition.
The American Experience: Lost in the Grand Canyon - Companion site to the PBS series about Powell's Colorado River journey. With timeline, maps, and program information.
DesertUSA: John Wesley Powell - A detailed biographical overview.
The Story of Major John Wesley Powell - A biography from Canyon Country Online.
John Wesley Powell - Government reports, including scanned images from Powell's reports to Congress concerning his exploration of the West.
Francisco Vázquez de Coronado - Biography from the PBS series site "The West."
Francisco Vazquez de Coronado - Short biography from New Mexico Magazine.
Journey of Coronado - Detailed account of the expedition to Cibola in 1540.
Coronado Expedition 1540-42 - Color map showing Coronado's route with an overlay of current state boundaries.
MSN Learning & Research: Coronado, Francisco Vásquez de - Brief encyclopedia entry from Encarta Online.
Samuel de Champlain's 1607 Map - Map and description, part of the American Treasures of the Library of Congress.
Modern History Sourcebook: The Foundation of Quebec, 1608 - Excerpt from Champlain's journal relates one of the explorer's greatest accomplishments. Translated into English.
Champlain, Samuel de - Article from the Catholic Encyclopedia.
Books On-line: Champlain - The full text of several books written by Champlain.
The Virtual Museum of New-France: Samuel de Champlain - Illustrated features examines Champlain's life and his roles as a geographer and builder of a colony.
MSN Learning & Research: Champlain, Samuel de - Encarta Encyclopedia article provides in-depth informationm about Champlain's life, his voyages, and his discoveries.
Leo Africanus - Biography, commentaries on his life, extracts from his writing.
Leo Africanus - Biography, literary works and his reputation in Europe.
Joliet, Louis - Article from the Catholic Encyclopedia.
The Virtual Museum of New-France: Louis Jolliet - Illustrated feature allows visitors to trace the steps of the French explorer.
Marquette, Jacques - Article from the Catholic Encyclopedia.
The Virtual Museum of New-France: Jacques Marquette - Illustrated feature allows visitors to follow the steps of French explorer Jacques Marquette.
Jacques Marquette: NSH Statue - Short biography and photograph of statue donated by the state of Wisconsin that resides in the National Statuary Hall Collection.
Letter of Amerigo Vespucci - An account of his 1497 voyage, from the Modern History Sourcebook.
Amerigo Vespucci - A biographical article from the Catholic Encyclopedia.
Why was America named after Amerigo Vespucci? - An informative column from The Straight Dope.
Amerigo Vespucci - A biographical essay by Jeff Butch, with references.
Amerigo Vespucci - About.com's geography story of the man for whom America is named.
MSN Learning & Research: Vespucci, Amerigo - A short biography from the Encarta Encyclopedia.
RADM Robert E. Peary - Biography from the Ventura County Naval Base's CEC and Seabee Museum.
Biography of Robert Edwin Peary - Summary from the Military District of Washington.
Cook and Peary: The Polar Controversy, Resolved - Companion site for Robert M. Bryce's book, with an overview of the debate over who discovered the North Pole.
The Polar Controversy - History, news, and editorials advocating Robert E. Peary as the first to the North Pole, and not Frederick Cook.
North Pole Expedition Archives - The National Archives and Records Administration's exhibit of original documents from the expedition.
MSN Learning & Research: Peary, Robert Edwin - Biographical summary from Encarta.

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